Cough Flashcards
(29 cards)
What 4 CN requires are required for the cough reflex arc?
1) Glossopharyngeal nerve
2) Phrenic Nerve
3) Trigeminal nerve
4) Vagus Nerve
What aspect of the cough reflex arc is the glossopharyngeal nerve responsible for? (1)
Pharynx
What aspect of the cough reflex arc is the phrenic nerve responsible for? (2)
Pericardium and diaphragm
What aspect of the cough reflex arc is the trigeminal nerve responsible for? (2)
Nose and sinuses
What aspect of the cough reflex arc is the Vagus nerve responsible for? (8)
1) Ear canals
2) Tympanic membrane
3) Larynx
4) Trachea
5) Bronchi
6) Pleura
7) Esophagus
8) Stomach
Do most patients with a common infectious cough require chest radiographs?
No
When do you do a chest radiograph for a cough?
Those who have ongoing conditions that put them at a higher risk of developing pneumonia.
Which individuals are more at a risk for developing pneumonia? (7)
1) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2) Chronic heart failure
3) Uremia
4) Alcoholic
5) Malnourished
6) Immunosuppressed (Rx prednisone)
7) Elderly
What are some classic signs and symptoms of pneumonia? (8)
1) Fever
2) Rigors
3) Pleuritic chest pain
4) Rusty/bloody or colored sputum
5) Tachycardia
6) Tachypnea
7) Consolidation
8) Focal crackles
What is a noninfectious cough?
No history of fever or upper respiratory tract infection symptoms
What are some examples of common noninfectious coughs? (3)
- Asthma
- Aspiration
- Bronchial irritants
What are some noninfectious coughs that have very sudden onsets of cough? (3)
- Pneumothorax
- Esophageal rupture
- Aortic dissection
What are some common causes of a upper respiratory tract related cough? (6)
1) Rhinitis
2) Sinusitis
3) Nasal polyps
4) Pharyngitis
5) Tracheolaryngitis
6) Tonsillar hypertrophy
What are some common causes of a lower respiratory tract related cough? (9)
1) Bronchitis
2) Asthma
3) Obstructive lung disease
4) Bronchiectasis
5) Pneumonia
6) Tuberculosis
7) Lung cancer
8) Pneumothroax
9) Bronchial irritants
What are some uncommon causes of cough in the upper respiratory tract? (3)
- External otitis
- Hair or cerumen in ear canal
- Uvular enlargement
What are some uncommon causes of cough in the lower respiratory tract? (4)
- Aspiration
- Tracheobronchial foreign body
- Pulmonary embolism
- Lung contusion
What are some other uncommon causes of cough?(7)
1) Subphrenic abscess
2) Ruptured spleen
3) Aortic aneurysm
4) Reflux esophagitis
5) Angina pectoris
6) Psychogenic
7) Cervical spine osteophytosis (phrenic nerve stimulated)
What are the signs and symptoms of bacterial pneumonia? (7)
- Usually antecedent upper respiratory tract infection
- Sudden worsening
- Shaking chills
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Tachycardia/tachypnea
- Purulent sputum
- Consolidation on auscultation
What is found in the sputum of bacterial pneumonia?
• PMNs and predominant organism
What is found on the chest radiograph of a bacterial pneumonia?
• Lobar/segmental consolidation; may be patchy
What is the WBC count for bacterial pneumonia?
• 15-25 X 103 with shift to the left
What are the common causes of bacterial pneumonia?
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Legionella pneumophila
What are the signs and symptoms of nonbacterial pneumonia? (6)
1) Initial headache, malaise, upper respiratory infection symptoms
2) Gradual worsening, or worsening after initial improvement
3) Uncommon to have rigors
4) Uncommon to have pleuritic chest pain
5) Sputum scant, mucoid or absent
6) Auscultation reveals localized crackles without consolidation
What is found in the sputum of nonbacterial pneumonia?
• Variable PMNs or mononuclears; no predominant organism
