Cough Flashcards
1
Q
cough reflex arc
–glossophryngeal n
A
pharynx
2
Q
cough reflex arc
–phrenic n
A
pericardium & diaphragm
3
Q
cough reflex arc
–trigeminal n
A
nose & sinuses
4
Q
cough reflex arc
–vagus nerve
A
- -ear canals
- -tympanic membrane
- -larynx
- -trachea
- -bronchi
- -pleura
- -esophagus
- -stomach
5
Q
approach to patient w. infectious cough
A
- MC = common cold/URI, do NOT require chest x-ray*
- -abnormal host
- -pneumonia
6
Q
an abnormal host is defined as having:
A
- -COPD
- -chronic heart fail
- -uremia
- -alcoholic
- -malnourished
- -immunosuppressed (Rx prednisone)
- -Elderly
7
Q
pneumonia S&S =
A
- -fever
- -rigors
- -pleuritic chest pain
- -rusty/bloody or colroed sputum
- -tachycardia
- -tachypnea
- -consolidation
- -focal crackles
8
Q
noninfectious cough =
A
–no Hx of UPI symptoms
(Asthma OR bronchial irritants)
–very sudden onset of cough BN’s
(pneumothorax, esophageal rupture, aortic dissection)
9
Q
common causes of cough
A
- -rhinitis
- -sinusitis
- -nasal polyps
- -pharyngitis
- -tracheolaryngitis
- -tonsillar hypertrophy
- -bronchitis
- -asthma
- -obstructive lung disease
- -bronchiectasis
- -pneumonia
- -TB
- -laryngeal cancer
- -lung cancer
- -pneumothroax
- -bronchial irritants
10
Q
uncommon causes of cough
A
- -external otitis
- -hair or cerumen in ear canal
- -uvular enlargement
- -aspiration
- -tracheobronchial foreign body
- -pulmonary embolism
- -lung contusion
11
Q
community-acquired pneumonia
–bacterial S&S
A
- -antecedent upper respiratory tract infection
- -sudden worsening
- -sputum (PMNs & predominant organism)
- -WBC count (15-25 X 10^3 shift to the left)
- -common causes
1) Strep pneumoniae
2) Haemophilus influenzae
3) Legionella pneumophila
12
Q
sudden worsening for bacterial pneumonia S&S entails:
A
Shaking chills Pleuritic chest pain Tachycardia/tachypnea Purulent sputum Consolidation on asculation
13
Q
community-acquired pneumonia
–non bacterial S&S
A
- -initial HA, malaise, URI
- -gradual worsening
- -sputum (PMNs or mononuclears; no predominant organism)
- -Chest x-ray (unilateral/ bi interstitial patchy infiltrates)
- -WBC count -~normal
- -common causes:
1) Mycoplasma pneumoniae (cold agglutinins present in 40-60% of patients
2) influenza
14
Q
causes of chronic cough
A
- -asthma
- -post-infectious
- -post-nasal drip
- -esophageal disorder
- -psycho-genic
- -cardio-genic
- -carcinoma
15
Q
causes of hemoptysis
A
- -bronchitis
- -pneumonia
- -trauma
- -bleeding gums
- -epistaxis
- -lung cancer
- -pulmonary embolism
- -bronchiectasis
- -tuberculosis
