Counselling Exam Flashcards

Question

What is involved in step three: identify an evaluation options and strategies

Answer 1

-The matrix decision making Taking action: the potential benefits, potential costs/ risks, possible outcome Taking no action: potential benefits, potential costs/risks, possible outcome

Answer 2

Based on the outcomes of the decision making chart, and using the ethical principles, hierarchy as a guideline, make an action plan

Answer 3

-to be likes and helpful -Status or prestige -Control -Perfectionism -Social relationships

Answer 4

A client asks us for something that we know we can’t do but we do it anyway because I need to be like/helpful gets in the way

Answer 5

-A crucial component of counsellor competence

Answer 6

-Understand impacts on clients -Manage personal feelings and reactions -No where personal feelings end, and and those of clients begin -identify vulnerable areas -Control bias, maintain objectivity -Set professional goals

Answer 7

1. Belief in the dignity, and worth of people. 2. Client self-determination.

Answer 8

-work -Relationship -Anticipatory

Answer 9

-why are we meeting? What is the structure? -Problems or concerns to be addressed -goals and objectives of the intervention -Activities (actions) the client may undertake -Tasks to be performed by the worker -Expected duration -Schedule of time and place for interviews -Identification of other persons, agencies expected to participate -Ethical issues and limitations -Work contracts define the focus for the current session, and the overall objective of the participants work together

Answer 10

-Focus on respective rules and expectations of the participants and how they will communicate -What do I need to know about you? What is your lens? -Communication styles -Personal values, worldview, and culture -Exploration of how differences may help or hinder counselling relationship -past experiences with counselling -Discussion of rules and expectations of the participants

Answer 11

-planning strategies and responses for event some occur during counselling -How do you want to plan for...? -Discussion about how to plan for predictable event so I might come up during session -Ask clients for feedback on how to handle situation if it comes up

Answer 12

A tool for deepening counselling relationships

Answer 13

Feeling such as anger or resentment, liking or traction are clouding your work overall (build up overtime)

Answer 14

Client counsellor interactions as they occur in the interview (in the moment)

Answer 15

-use “I” statements -Ask the client about the meaning -Ask for feedback and input -Use empathy -Create safety in discussing issues -Revisit the relationship contract

Answer 16

-conveys warmth -Can be used to normalize problems and feelings -Gives clients to courage to open up -Communicates that the counsellor is human -And essential element of genuineness

Answer 17

-biographical (personal history, demographics facts such as age) -Current feelings, ideas, reactions

Answer 18

-Focus shift from client to counsellor -Counselor may be perceived as needy and vulnerable -Information may be used by clients for manipulation -resentment by clients to see the self disclosure as a demand for reciprocity -self disclosure becomes compulsive -Self disclosure may be a subtle form of advice giving

Answer 19

-don’t shift the focus from the client to the counsellor -Only used to meet the needs of the clients -Develop ability to self disclose, as well as ability to not self disclose -Too much can be as inappropriate has too little -Revealing current feeling, concerns, and ideas is more useful than revealing past history -If the work is precedent, smoothly without counselors, self disclosure done it is not necessary

Answer 20

-The process of helping a client discover personal strengths, and capacities to take control of their lives -The worker must forgo the need to control the clients by not taking the expert, Which place is a dependency roll on the client. -Identify the barriers and remove gaps

Answer 21

1. burn out from unsuccessful attempts: “I’m tired”, “I don’t know if I can trust” 2. Client in denial. “I don’t have a problem” 3. Involuntary client. “I’m here for another reason” 4. Learned helplessness. “I can’t, nothing will help” 5. Ambivalent. “I have mixed feelings” 6. Energized but fragile. “I really want to change but I will easily crumble”

Answer 22

1. Burn out from unsuccessful attempts: investigate reasons for previous failures 2. Client in denial: educational information. 3. Involuntary client: empathy; explore thoughts and feelings. 4. Learned helplessness: increase locus of control. 5. Ambivalent: explore mixed feelings. 6. Energized, but fragile: positive reinforcement; plan for obstacles.

Answer 23

Encouraging expression of statements, you may not agree with. Example: client says “I hate counselling its stupid”, counsellor says “ you are not alone. I’m glad you were able to tell me that.”

Answer 24

Exaggerating the clients position (without sarcasm) so the client may recognize the ambivalence Example: Client says “ I don’t have an anger problem. Everyone loses their cool.” Counsellor says “so your anger has never affected anyone “

Answer 25

-distortion -Selective attention -Confirmation bias -Selective memory -Losing focus of what someone is saying -Focusing only on present -Egocentric thinking -magnification/minimization -Perfectionism -self-defeating thoughts

Answer 26

-An attempt to change thinking -Attempts to look at things differently -E.g., stubbornness can be independence, greediness can be ambitiousness, anger can be worry, multiple mistakes can be determination

Answer 27

Not looking out all aspects of problems; just focussing on the fact that they cried, and it is a bad thing

Answer 28

Confirming what they believe to be true of self

Answer 29

High expectations of self

Answer 30

Down on self for crying

Answer 31

Client is embarrass after crying in a meeting about not getting a job (Selective attention; confirmation bias; perfectionism; self-defeating thoughts) Reframe: “ it is difficult to receive this type of news. Pause your emotions are perhaps an indicator of how much you care about your career and your future.” Validate first, then reframe

Answer 32

-A way to change thinking patterns -Asking evaluation questions with the stinking flexibility by helping a client find evidence to challenge the unrealistic thought

Answer 33

Client says “ I have to go straight A’s” (perfectionism) Challenging the thought: “ what happens if you don’t get a straight A’s? How does this expectation help you or hurt you? What do you think about this expectation you have put on yourself? What was your best friend say?”

Answer 34

Client says “ I can’t do anything, right” (magnification and self defeating thought) Challenging the thought: “ I noticed the other day you help Johnny was a difficult math problem. What do you think about that? How does that fit with your thought that you can’t do anything right?” “ how much do you believe this thiught?” “ let’s play devils advocate for a moment by exploring evidence this may not be true”

Answer 35

-The goal is to help the client get unstuck -Empathy -Develop discrepancy -Roll with resistance -Support, self efficiency

Answer 36

-exploring advantages and disadvantage is of status quo versus change “If you continue status quo, what might you gain/lose vs change?” -Scaling questions “ on a scale from one to 10 how satisfied are you with your job? Your life? What would it take to get you one step closer to a 10?” -Elaboration skills to continue change talk “ give me an example of what you mean by it’s all good” -querying extremes “ imagine you don’t change anything in your life what is the worst that could happen what is the best case scenario” -looking forward and back “ what were things like before you were in this relationship? What will things look like five years down the road?” -Values versus current behaviour “ tell me about what is important in a partner for you. How does your current relationship fit with that?” -Helping clients understand ambivalence “ when the car, so we are the benefits: right now, there is still a benefit for you using escape, but until you evaluate that escape isn’t worth the loss of___you’ll keep doing what you were doing”

Answer 37

As long as your clients are going to resist you, you might as will encourage it

Answer 38

1. Promoting client confidence. 2. Identify past success. 3. Review strengths and resources. 4. Work on small achievable goals. 5. Affirm client efforts and successes.

Answer 39

Providing specific target to work toward

Answer 40

-Concrete -Can be measured -Challenging, but realistic -Owned by clients and under there -SMART

Answer 41

Purpose: -confirmation: nonverbal, consistent with verbal -Denial: contradictions between nonverbal and verbal -Substitution: thoughts/feelings communicated via nonverbal -Conveying mood: emotions expressed via nonverbal emotional behaviours

Answer 42

What body language/facial expressions communicate

Answer 43

-The message behind the words

Answer 44

-nonverbal cues -Contacts and history -Relationship trust level -Mood

Answer 45

-remain patient, respect client pacing -Work on trust issues -Controlling noise and staying -Control assumptions -Manage personal reactions -Remember that listening does not mean agreeing -be aware of blind spots (self awareness) -is the six skills of active listening (silence, asking questions, paraphrasing, empathy, summarizing, attending)

Answer 46

1. Allow it to continue if client is thinking, needs time to deal with feelings. 2. Interrupted is closure has been reached, meaning of silence is unclear, difficult feelings, require empathetic response. 2. Promoted to encourage reflection.

Answer 47

-silence has multiple meanings -Thinking -Confusion -Painful feelings -Trust issues -Personal style -Closure

Answer 48

The way counselors, communicate that they are ready, willing, and able to listen Essential skills/attidudes: -genuineness -control internal and external noise -In general – open posture, iContact, warm tone, encouraging comments

Answer 49

- “uh huh” -head nods -Used to encourage client to continue with their stories

Answer 50

Restatement of the clients words in different words (ending with a question or implied question) in order to: -Confirm meaning -Clarify meaning -Simplify meaning -Present meaning from a different perspective

Answer 51

-sentence stem should fit with the contexts -ok to use some keywords, but consider using your own words as long as it doesn’t change the meaning -Less is more -A check out can also happen with the questioning tone of voice

Answer 52

-confirms understanding, and checks assumptions -Organizes complex data -Focuses interview and sets priorities by separating important information from unimportant information

Answer 53

-Brief counselling is an action oriented approach that is beneficial for clients with specific and concrete problems -based on cost analysis and more of a socially oriented approach -The client has a ready supply of resources you assist the client to use their resources, build on past successes to help them with their present concerns -This builds on self efficiency and clients current strengths and resources -the client is voluntarily and motivated to change and has specific goals -When it is time limited (1-5sessions) motivation can be increased) -Help the client to do something different or get back on track for them to improve their situation

Answer 54

-“ I am getting married this year but I just got a new job and my fiancé and I can’t decide on things it’s causing problems in our family. I need some help deciding whether or not I should delay the wedding” -“ I am really irritable lately and I just want to understand why” -“ I just lost my job but I want to use this as an opportunity to move into a new career I just don’t know which one yet”

Answer 55

Focus on resources and solutions rather than problems

Answer 56

-“ what have you thought about trying?” -What have you tried/done so far?” -What are the pros and cons to trying that?” -“ it sounds like you’ve given___some thought” -“ what would you need to accomplish that??”

Answer 57

1. Focus on expectations: -Client says I always screw up -Counselor can be focus on the times and the client has succeeded or “ what is different about the times when this is less of a problem?” Example: what are some of the things that you have done in the past to control your anger? 2. You solution talk -“ what will it take to get you back on track?” -It is not offering solutions. Her advice is questions I will prompt to focus in that direction. Example: “ what is it that you would like to work on; what are some things you can do?” 3. Miracle question: -“ if I could waive my magic wand in your life was completely happy. What would it look like?” -Discuss when to use in one hour to use – only for situations within the clients control Example: if you were to go to bed and overnight a miracle happen and you were to wake up tomorrow and your anger was under control how do you think your life would be different? 4. Reframing: -client is hard on themselves for failing a test counsellor says failing a test can feel awful because you can erode our sense of competence, it can also provide a wonderful opportunity for learning and building our resilience -Validate then reframe 5. Create expectations for a change by use of language. -So far, yet, at this point -What will you be doing in the next week? I will indicate a positive change has occurred from you Example: so what we like to do is help you so that you were always a ten You always have perfect control over your anger. 6. Praise. -“ you have made excellent progress on your goal” -“ that’s really good; it’s great that you have to go to work on control your anger” 7. To change continuum: -< as bad as it can get > as good as it could be -“ where are you on the continuum” -“ what direction are you heading?” -“ what might cause you or help you change directions” -“ what would be an indicator that you were moving in the right direction?” -Help client identify incremental steps towards her final goal

Answer 58

1. Define the problem: -gather information, open, ended questions, paraphrase, summarize 2. Examine solutions and expectations: -Past solutions and explore strengths, clarify support systems, Brainstorm new ideas. 3. Define a goal. -Smart goals -Within client control and driven by client -Future behaviour 4. Assign a task: -Complement (praise): an effort to problem solve -Assess commitment -Assign a task (observational, previous success, create new pattern) (When to assign a task - when client is motivated/want to learn, consents to trying)

Answer 59

-Help client find solutions to the problems -Promote self efficiency -Improve self-esteem -improves relationship building

Answer 60

1. Identify prior success. (Coping questions) -how were you able to cope with? 2. Inquire about past help seeking: -Have you been to counselling before? 3. Ask directly about Strengths -what are your strengths? 4. Ask indirectly about strengths -What would your best friend say you are good at? 5. Relative influence questions (emphasis on what client did) -When you were managing well what were you doing? Differently 6. Strength from adversity. (Validation) -Even though you’re down to half of paycheck, you still managed to put your children’s needs first 7. Externalize the problem -How does the anger get in the way? 8. Orion towards the future. -Down the road imagine this problem no longer exists. How did you get there? Extra: the hurdle strategy -Many times clients don’t think they have any strengths this technique is about uncovering strengths to know existed so that they can think about how the strings can be utilized lies in other aspects of their lives

Answer 61

1. Identify an existing success: ask your client to identify some thing that they’re capable of doing on a regular basis 2. Identify the barriers: think about all the potential barriers, hurdles, obstacles, challenges that your client would face, while they were learning/practicing getting better at their hobby 3. Ask our client was able to overcome barriers: Asa Cline, how they managed or navigated each of the barriers you thought about intern, the client will tell you about a strategy or strength they used to get passed this barrier Skills and abilities can be highlighted for the client, and perhaps assisted client in recognizing the skills may be used in other areas of life

Answer 62

Empathy is the cornerstone of active listening (attending, asking questions, summarizing, paraphrasing, silence, empathy)

Answer 63

To explore clients behaviour ( explore what the client is doing or saying), thinking (explore clients beliefs/assumptions, inner dialogue, self esteem) feelings

Answer 64

-understanding the emotional perspective of another person -Communicating this understanding

Answer 65

1. Invitational empathy 2. Basic empathy 3. Inferred empathy

Answer 66

-encourages clients to explore emotions -Signals intent to move the interview away from one of the other domains to focus on emotions -Initiated with a simple question such as. How are you feeling? -Another option is to say something like it might be helpful if we put solving this problem aside for a moment to explore how you feel -says to the client that the counsellor is ready and able to talk about difficult feelings -normalizes difficult client experiences and make makes talking about them easier and better to except -encourages clients to talk about feelings, then responding nonjudgmental he says to the client it’s OK to feel this way Example: “ how/what do you feel?”

Answer 67

-is it counsellors acknowledgement of a clients clearly communicated feelings -With basic empathy, counselors, perceive, and respond to feelings that are explicitly communicated -Basic empathy mean, involve labelling feelings, or summarizing expressed feelings -Says I’ve heard how you feel and I accept your feelings without judgement -With basic empathy know attempt is made to interpret, Judge, or promote greater awareness, or insight beyond that which the client has already articulated Examples: “ you feel…” “ my sense is that you might be feeling…”

Answer 68

-Sometimes called advanced embassy -Involves identifying clients feelings based on nonverbal cues, themes, and hence [indirect communication] -Counselors should also pay careful attention to what their clients do not say, including avoided topics and shifts in focus Example: “ your tears suggest so you might be feeling…” “ you’ve become very quiet perhaps you’re feeling…”

Answer 69

-empathy, stimulates and encourages discussion of feelings -Confirms feelings will be heard and accepted -allows for expression of feelings which frees up energy for problem-solving -An empathetic style facilitates change and it’s absence deters change

Answer 70

-Empathy is our ability to understand how someone feels well sympathy is a relief for not having the same problems -Sympathy is when you share the feelings of another -Empathy is when you understand the feelings of another, but do not necessarily share them

Answer 71

Client: sometimes when he speaks to me that way, I just wanna go hide in a corner Counsellor: it sounds like maybe you’re feeling embarrassed would you like to talk about ways of overcoming it?

Answer 72

Client: sometimes when he speaks to me that way I want to go hide in a corner Counsellor: it sounds like maybe you’re feeling embarrassed

Answer 73

-one of the core conditions of helping that determine the outcome of counselling -Encourages expression of emotions -Normalizes, invalidates feelings, reduces isolation, and contribute to the development of the counselling relationship -Increases awareness of emotions, including ambivalent feelings -Stimulates further exploration of clients subjective experience -Helps. Clients recognize the impact of emotions of themselves and others. -Assess clients to understand how emotions influence decision making or how they can impede on action -Provides a starting point for managing and expressing emotions in a constructive way -By assisting clients to understand and manage feelings, energy is freed up for problem-solving and clients may be able to move ahead without further counsellor involvement

Answer 74

-when client express feelings -when clients need to explore feelings -When clients need an empathetic response

Answer 75

-mixed feelings - Is normal, and although it can keep people stuck, identification exploration and resolution of ambivalence can be a valuable part of decision making

Answer 76

1. What are the advantages of maintaining the status quo? 2. What are the advantages of changing? 3. What are the disadvantages of the status quo? 4. What are the disadvantages for changing? This method acknowledges that each course of action has costs and benefits - It also presents a non-judge mental way to honour the fact that the client may Resist change for a good reason even when they pay a heavy price for doing so

Answer 77

-“ terrible argument?” -“perfect mother?”

Answer 78

“Uh huh” “Head nods”

Answer 79

-thinking, confusion, painful feelings, trust issues, personal style, closure -Allow it to continue if decline is thinking or needs time to deal with feelings -interrupt silence. If closure has been reached, meaning of silence is unclear or the client is having difficult feelings that require empathetic response. -Promote to encourage reflection

Answer 80

The way counselors, communicate that they are ready, willing, and able to listen

Answer 81

-genuinenes -Control, internal and external noise -In general Dash open posture, iContact, warm tone, encouraging comments

Answer 82

Restatement of the clients words in different words, ending with a question or implied question. In order to confirm meaning, clarify, meaning, simplify meaning, present meaning from a different perspective.

Answer 83

1. Sentence stem. -“ John it sounds like…” 2. Keywords: use of main ideas and some exact words. 3. Essence: of what client said, and briefer, clearer form. 4. Check out: for accuracy.

Answer 84

-Information gathering -Focusing the interview -Promoting insight: • thought, provoking questions • bringing attention to ideas, feelings, and issues that have been overlooked • sequencing questions teaches a systematic way of analyzing problems

Answer 85

1. What does your client want? 2. What is preventing them from getting what they want

Answer 86

1. Jargon: make confuse clients consist of abbreviations, distinctive words, and phrases that are only understood by the profession 2. Leading (bias) questions: suggest a preferred answer 3. Excessive questioning: can overwhelm, clients, frustrate, clients, confused, clients, exhaust clients, leave feeling clients bombarded and interrogated. 4. Multiple questions: two or more questions asked at the same time can confuse clients and take interview in different directions. 5. Irrelevant and poorly timed: may bias clients answers, antagonize clients, or keep the interview at a superficial level 6. Why questions: should be use cautiously, communicates, judgment, disapproval, or embedded advice, can be rude.

Answer 87

1. Open: who, what, when, where, why, how 2. Closed: can, do, is, will, have, did, are 3. Indirect: I’d like to know something about… I’m wondering…. I’m interested in hearing your thoughts

Answer 88

Used to encourage clients to continue with their stories

Answer 89

“Had a terrible argument”

Answer 90

“Tell me more about”

Answer 91

1. Ask questions. 2. Ask about the meaning 3. Ask for details. 3. Seek examples. 4. Explore feelings. 5. Explore behavior. 6. Explore thinking. 7. Summarize and paraphrase.

Answer 92

1. What brings you here today? 2. What are your expectations of me 3. What do I need to know about your situation? 4. What do you mean by…? 5. What did we accomplish? 6. What have we missed?

Answer 93

Client: I feel a bit off today? Counsellor: a bit off?

Answer 94

1. Preliminary 2. Beggining 3. Action 4. Ending

Answer 95

-ending the counselling relationship -Referring to other resources -Giving information -Supporting

Answer 96

-Confirms understanding, and checks assumptions -Organizes complex data -Focuses interview and sets priorities by separating important information from unimportant information

Answer 97

Unedited condensing

Answer 98

Keep patterns and priorities

Answer 99

Tendency to see, and hear only parts of a message influenced by frame of reference

Answer 100

Highlight client strengths, capacities, rights -contracting: planning for next steps or closure -key questions and feedback -inviting client return -highlighting goals and next steps -confirming next appointment Referring to other resources and giving information: -summarizing and reviewing options -Providing pamphlets and contacts -Possible use of homework Supporting: -Reassuring; fostering optimism; reinforcing; advocating; providing direct aid; praising

Answer 101

-interview planning -Preparing the setting -Planning -self-awareness

Answer 102

-negotiating relationship -Exploration for understanding -active listening -Promoting core conditions -Defining the relationship -Strengths focus

Answer 103

-goalsetting an action planning -Helping clients change, behavior, feelings, or perceptions -Teaching -Giving information -Supporting -Confronting -Immediacy

Answer 104

-Interview planning: reading files, gathering info, confirming times -Prepare the setting: ensuring comfortable environment, planning for safety -Planning: being organized, thinking ahead -self-awareness: ability to know, and understand your own biases, remind yourself of your professional principles, and that you were there for the client

Answer 105

-environment setting; offer beverage -Friendly, greeting; small talk -Explore pass counselling experiences -Share qualifications -Share information about agency -Discuss information about the counselling process -Discuss fees and payment -Discuss the pros and cons of counselling -Confidentiality -Expectations -Personal philosophy

Answer 106

When the topic of the interview shift, some from one subject to another

Answer 107

Arises. The discussion flows seamlessly from one topic to another, with clear links between the two topics. The most common natural transition occurs when clients mention new things as part of the interview, and the counsellor uses this information to jump to a new topic. As I talk about my dissatisfaction with my job, I realize the same could be said about my marriage

Answer 108

Arise, when counsellors make choices among topic alternatives Client: this has been the worst year for me, and my finances were disaster. I’ve lost my job. I think I’ll go under my marriage is failing. My kids are having a hard time. My daughters avoiding me, and my son is on drugs

Answer 109

Used to manage interviews direction -sometimes necessary, because the topic is a relevant or prevents dialogue on more important issues -Ensures interview time is productive Elements of the interview that are open to control: -Specific topics that are subject to focus -The extent to which the interview focusses on each of the three domains -Sequences in which topics are discussed, including decisions to move the interview from one phase to another -use of time, including depth of discussion, as well as interview start and end times

Answer 110

-Used to topic change to help move the counselling process into the next phase

Answer 111

Are used to join or blend ideas from our current teams for example, acclimate make continuous subtle references to need to have everything just write the counsellor might use to connect transition to bring the steam to foreground

Answer 112

Closed: answer with yes or no, ask when needing to confirm specific facts or ideas , or with less verbal clients Open: can’t be answered with yes, or no, preferred, give clients freedom to choose to answer the way they want, gives client control

Counselling Exam Flashcards

(137 cards)