Couples Flashcards
(70 cards)
1
Q
what is the domestic division of labour?
A
roles that couples play in relation to housework, childcare and paid work
2
Q
which sociologist came up with instrumental and expressive roles?
A
Parsons (1955)
3
Q
what is the instrumental role?
A
- husbands role
- provide for family financially
4
Q
what is the expressive role?
A
- wifes role
- primary socialisation of the children
- meet family’s emotinal needs
5
Q
why did parsons believe division of labour is based on biological differences?
A
- women ‘naturally’ suited to nurturing role
- men are providers
- beneficial to men, women, their children and wider society
6
Q
why did Young and Willmott (1962) criticise Parsons view of division of labour?
A
- men now taking a greater share of domestic tasks
- more women becoming wage earners
7
Q
why did feminists criticise Parsons view of division of labour?
A
- division of abour is natural
- only benefits men
8
Q
who came up with joint and segregated conjugal roles?
A
Bott (1975)
9
Q
what are segregated conjugal roles?
A
- couples have seperate roles
- male breadwinners
- female homemakers
- leisure activities done seperately
10
Q
what are joint conjugal roles?
A
- couples share domestic tasks and childcare
- spend leisure time together
11
Q
who came up with the symmetical family?
A
Young and Willmott (1973)
12
Q
what is the symmetrical family?
A
- family life becoming more equal
- women go out to work
-men help with housework and childcare - spend leisure time together
13
Q
what caused an increase in the symmetrical family?
A
- changes in women’s position
- geographical mobility
- new technology
- higher standards of living
14
Q
what is the feminist view of housework?
A
- men and women remain unequal within family
women still do most of the housework
15
Q
why does Oakley (1974) criticise Young and Willmott’s view of the symmetrical family?
A
- claims are exaggerated
- only 15% of husbands have high participation in housework
- only 25% of husbands have high participation in childcare
16
Q
why does Boulton (1983) support Oakley’s view of the symmetrical family?
A
- Y & W exaggerate mens contribution
- mother took responsibility for children’s security and well-being
17
Q
what did Warde and Hetherington (1993) find about housework?
A
- sex-typing of domestic tasks remained strong
- no change of attitude in young men
18
Q
what is the impact of paid work on division of labour?
A
- more equal division of domestic tasks
- women carry burdan of paid work anf domestic labour
19
Q
who came up with the mach of progress view?
A
Young and Willmott (1973)
20
Q
what is the march of progress view?
A
- men becoming more involved in housework and childcare
- women becoming more involved in paid work
21
Q
what does Gershuny (1994) argue about the march of progress view?
A
women working full time leads to a more equal division of labour in the home
22
Q
what does Sullivan (2000) argue about the march of progress view?
A
increase in number of couples with an equal division of labour
23
Q
what is the feminist view of the division of labour?
A
- women going to paid work has not led to greater equlity in the division of labour
- women now carry a ‘dual burden’
24
Q
what does Boulton (1983) say about division of chilcare responsibility?
A
mothers responsibility for child’s security and well-being
25
what did Ferri and Smith (1996) find about division of childcare responsibility?
fathers took responsibility for childcare in fewer than 4% of families
26
what did Dex and Ward (2007) find about division of childcare responsibility?
- fathers had high levels of involvement
- 1% of fathers took responsibility for caring for their sick child
27
what did Braun, Vincent and Ball (2011) find about division of childcare responsibility?
- men were main carers in 3/70 families
- most fathers held 'provider ideology'
28
who came up with the concept of 'emotion work'
Hochschild (2013)
29
what is 'emotion work'?
responsible for managing emotions and feeling of family members
30
who came up with the concept of the 'triple shift'?
Duncombe and Marsden (1995)
31
what is the 'triple shift'?
- housework
- paid work
- emotion work
32
who identified the cultural and material explanations for the unequal division of labour?
Crompton and Lyonette (2008)
33
what is the cultural explanation for the unequal division of labour?
determined by patriarchal norms and values that shape gender roles
34
what is the material explanation for the unequal division of labour?
- women generally earn less than men
- economically rational for women to do more housework and childcare
35
what did Gershuny (1994) find about the cultural explanation for the unequal division of labour?
couples with parents who had a more equal relationship are more likely to share housework themselves
36
what did Man Yee Kan (2001) find about the cultural explanation for the unequal division of labour?
- younger men do more domestic work
- most men claimed to do more housework than their father
- most women claimed to do less than their mother
37
what did the British Social Attitudes survey (2018) find about the the cultural explanation for the unequal division of labour?
- 47% of the over-75s disagreed with traditional division of labour
- 75% under-35s disagreed
- indicates long term change in norms and attitiudes
38
what did Dunne (1999) find about the cultural explanation for the unequal division of labour?
- lesbian coupes had more symmetrical relationships
- due to absence of traditional heterosexual 'gender scripts'
39
what did Kan find about the material explanation for the unequal division of labour?
for every £10,000 a year more a woman earns, she does 2 hours less housework per week
40
what did Arber and Ginn (1995) find about the material explanation for the unequal division of labour?
better paid, middle class women able to buy products and services rather than spending time carrying out domestic tasks themselves
41
what did Ramos (2003) find about the material explanation for the unequal division of labour?
where the woman is the full-time breadwinner and and the man is unemployed, he does as much domestic labour as she does
42
what did Sullivan find about the material explanation for the unequal division of labour?
working full-time rather than part-time makes the biggest difference in terms of how much domesric work each partner does
43
what does Barret and McIntosh (1991) say about division of domestic labour?
- men gain more from women's domestic work than they give back in financial support
- financial support is unpredictable and has 'strings attached'
- men make decisions about spending on important items
44
what did Kepson (1994) find about family decision making?
among low income families, women denied their own needs to make ends meet
45
who identified the 2 main types of money control over family income, the allowance system and pooling?
Pahl and Volger (1993)
46
what is the allowance system in family income?
men give their wives an allowance of which they have to budget to meet the family's needs
47
what is pooling of family income?
both partners have access to income and have joint responsibility for expenditure
48
what did Pahl and Volger (1993) find in terms of power in pooling of family income?
men usually made major financial decisions
49
what did Edgell (1980) find about decision making wihin the family?
- very important decisions made by husband alone
- important decisions made jointly and seldom by the wife alone
- less important decisions are made by the wife alone
50
how does Gershuny (2000) criticise equality in decision making?
- 70% of couples said they had equal say in decision making
51
how do feminists argue cultural vs material explanations of decision making?
- inequalities not simply a result of inequalities in earnings
- cultural definition of men as decision makers is deeply ingrained in both men and women through gender role socialisation
52
what did Nyman (2003) find about understanding the meaning of money for couples?
money has no automatic, fixed or natural meaning and different couples define it in different ways
53
what is a 'personal life' perspective on money?
the meanings that money may have in relationships cannot be taken for granted
54
what did Smart (2007) find about same-sex couples' view on money?
attached no importance to who controlled the money and happily left it to their partners
55
what did Weeks et al (2001)find about pooling money in relationships?
some couples pooled money for household spending but kept seperate accounts for personal spending
56
what is domestic abuse?
- psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional
- incidents of control or threat of individuals aged 16+
57
how does the Women's Aid Federation (2014) support the view that domestic violence is too widespread?
accounts for between 1/6 and 1/4 of all recorded violent crimes
58
how does the Crime Survey for England and Wales (2013) support the view that domestic violence is too widespread?
2 million people reported having been victims of domestic violence during the previous year
59
how does Coleman et al (2007)'s findings support the view that domestic violence does not randomly occur?
women were more likely than men to have experienced 'intimate violence' across all 4 types of abuse- partner, family, sexual and stalking
60
what did Walby and Allen (2004) find about domestic violence?
women were more likely to be victims of multiple incidents of abuse and sexual violence
61
what did Ansara and Hindin (2011) find about domestic violence?
women suffered more violence and control, with more serious psychological effects
62
what did Dar (2013) find about domestic violence?
difficult to count seperate domestic violence incidents becaue they may be continuous
63
what did Yearnshire (1997) about domestic violence statistics?
a woman suffers 35 assaults before making a report
64
what did Cheal (1991) find about police reluctancy to domestic violence cases?
- reluctant to investigate due to the police not being prepared to become involved in the family
65
what 3 assumptions do police often make about domestic violence cases?
- family is a private sphere so access by state agencies should be limited
- agencies tend to neglect the 'darker side' of family life
- individuals are free agents
66
what is the radical feminist explanation of domestic violence?
emphasises the role of patriarchal ideas, cultural values and institutions
67
what is the materialist explanation of domestic violence?
emphasises economic factors such as lack of resources
68
how does Elliot (1996) reject the radical feminist claim that all men benefit from violence against women?
fail to explain female violence, including child abuse by women and violence against male partners and in lesbian relationships
69
what are some social groups that are at greater isk of domestic violence?
- young women
- those on low income
- those with long term illness
- those using illegal drugs
70
how does the marxist feminists Ansley (1972) explain domestic violence?
- product of capitalism
- women are 'takers of shit'
- male worker are exploited at work and take out frustration on wives
