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Course 003 - Connect and Protect: Networks and Network Security > Course 003 Glossary > Flashcards

Course 003 Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Define Active packet sniffing

A

A type of attack where data packets are manipulated in transit

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2
Q

Define Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

A

Used to determine the MAC address of the next router or device to traverse

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3
Q

Define Bandwidth

A

The maximum data transmission capacity over a network, measured by bits per second

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4
Q

Define Baseline configuration

A

A documented set of specifications within a system that is used as a basis for future builds, releases, and updates

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5
Q

Define Bluetooth

A

Used for wireless communication with nearby physical devices

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6
Q

Define Botnet

A

A collection of computers infected by malware that are under the control of a single threat actor, known as the “bot herder”

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7
Q

Define Cloud-based firewalls

A

Software firewalls that are hosted by the cloud service provider

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8
Q

Define Cloud computing

A

The practice of using remote servers, application, and network services that are hosted on the internet instead of on local physical devices

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9
Q

Define Cloud network

A

A collection of servers or computers that stores resources and data in remote data centers that can be accessed via the internet

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10
Q

Define Controlled zone

A

A subnet that protects the internal network from the uncontrolled zone

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11
Q

Define Data packet

A

A basic unit of information that travels from one device to another within a network

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12
Q

Define Denial of service (DoS) attack

A

An attack that targets a network or server and floods
it with network traffic

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13
Q

Define Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack

A

A type of denial of service attack that uses multiple devices or servers located in different locations to flood the target network with unwanted traffic

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14
Q

Define Domain Name System (DNS)

A

Domain Name System (DNS): A networking protocol that translates internet domain names into IP addresses

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15
Q

Define Encapsulation

A

A process performed by a VPN service that protects your data by wrapping sensitive data in other data packets

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16
Q

Define File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A

Used to transfer files from one device to another over a
network

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17
Q

Define Firewall

A

A network security device that monitors traffic to or from your network

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18
Q

Define Forward proxy server

A

A server that regulates and restricts a person’s access to the internet

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19
Q

Define Hardware

A

The physical components of a computer

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20
Q

Define Hub

A

A network device that broadcasts information to every device on the network

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21
Q

Define Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A

An application layer protocol that provides a method of communication between clients and website servers

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22
Q

Define Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

A

A network protocol that provides a secure method of communication between clients and servers

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23
Q

Define Identity and access management (IAM)

A

A collection of processes and technologies that helps organizations manage digital identities in their environment

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24
Q

Define IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi)

A

A set of standards that define communication for wireless LANs

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25
Define Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
An internet protocol used by devices to tell each other about data transmission errors across the network
26
Define Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood
A type of DoS attack performed by an attacker repeatedly sending ICMP request packets to a network server
27
Define Internet Protocol (IP)
A set of standards used for routing and addressing data packets as they travel between devices on a network
28
Define Internet Protocol (IP) address
A unique string of characters that identifies the location of a device on the internet
29
Define IP spoofing
A network attack performed when an attacker changes the source IP of a data packet to impersonate an authorized system and gain access to a network
30
Define Local area network (LAN)
A network that spans small areas like an office building, a school, or a home
31
Define Media Access Control (MAC) address
A unique alphanumeric identifier that is assigned to each physical device on a network
32
Define Modem
A device that connects your router to the internet and brings internet access to the LAN
33
Define Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
A security measure that requires a user to verify their identity in two or more ways to access a system or network
34
Define Network
A group of connected devices
35
Define Network log analysis
The process of examining network logs to identify events of interest
36
Define Network protocols
A set of rules used by two or more devices on a network to describe the order of delivery of data and the structure of data
37
Define Network segmentation
A security technique that divides the network into segments
38
Define Operating system (OS)
The interface between computer hardware and the user
39
Define Open systems interconnection (OSI) model
A standardized concept that describes the seven layers computers use to communicate and send data over the network
40
Define On-path attack
An attack where a malicious actor places themselves in the middle of an authorized connection and intercepts or alters the data in transit
41
Define Packet sniffing
The practice of capturing and inspecting data packets across a network
42
Define Passive packet sniffing
A type of attack where a malicious actor connects to a network hub and looks at all traffic on the network
43
Define Patch update
A software and operating system update that addresses security vulnerabilities within a program or product
44
Define Penetration testing
A simulated attack that helps identify vulnerabilities in systems, networks, websites, applications, and processes
45
Define Ping of death
A type of DoS attack caused when a hacker pings a system by sending it an oversized ICMP packet that is bigger than 64KB
46
Define Port
A software-based location that organizes the sending and receiving of data between devices on a network
47
Define Port filtering
A firewall function that blocks or allows certain port numbers to limit unwanted communication
48
Define Proxy server
A server that fulfills the requests of its clients by forwarding them to other servers
49
Define Replay attack
A network attack performed when a malicious actor intercepts a data packet in transit and delays it or repeats it at another time
50
Define Reverse proxy server
A server that regulates and restricts the Internet's access to an internal server
51
Define Router
A network device that connects multiple networks together
52
Define Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
A secure protocol used to transfer files from one device to another over a network
53
Define Secure shell (SSH)
A security protocol used to create a shell with a remote system
54
Define Security hardening
The process of strengthening a system to reduce its vulnerabilities and attack surface
55
Define Security information and event management (SIEM)
An application that collects and analyzes log data to monitor critical activities for an organization
56
Define Security zone
A segment of a company’s network that protects the internal network from the internet
57
Define Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
A network protocol used for monitoring and managing devices on a network
58
Define Smurf attack
A network attack performed when an attacker sniffs an authorized user’s IP address and floods it with ICMP packets
59
Define Speed
The rate at which a device sends and receives data, measured by bits per second
60
Define Stateful
A class of firewall that keeps track of information passing through it and proactively filters out threats
61
Define Stateless
A class of firewall that operates based on predefined rules and that does not keep track of information from data packets
62
Define Subnetting
The subdivision of a network into logical groups called subnets
63
Define Switch
A device that makes connections between specific devices on a network by sending and receiving data between them
64
Define Synchronize (SYN) flood attack
A type of DoS attack that simulates a TCP/IP connection and floods a server with SYN packets
65
Define TCP/IP model
A framework used to visualize how data is organized and transmitted across a network
66
Define Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
An internet communication protocol that allows two devices to form a connection and stream data
67
Define Transmission control protocol (TCP) 3-way handshake
A three-step process used to establish an authenticated connection between two devices on a network
68
Define Uncontrolled zone
The portion of the network outside the organization
69
Define User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
A connectionless protocol that does not establish a connection between devices before transmissions
70
Define Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A network security service that changes your public IP address and masks your virtual location so that you can keep your data private when you are using a public network like the internet
71
Define Wide Area Network (WAN)
A network that spans a large geographic area like a city, state, or country
72
Define Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
A wireless security protocol for devices to connect to the internet

Course 003 - Connect and Protect: Networks and Network Security (21 decks)

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