Course 2: Pathophysiology Physical Exam

Question 1

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Physical Exam? (2)

Answer 1

Rales (crackles) in lungs, jugular vein distention (JVD) in neck

Question 2

Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib): Physical Exam? (2)

Answer 2

Irregularly irregular rhythm, tachycardia

Question 3

Pneumonia (PNA): Physical Exam?

Answer 3

Rhonchi

Question 4

Pneumothorax (PTX): Physical Exam?

Answer 4

Absent breath sounds unilaterally

Question 5

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Physical Exam? (3)

Answer 5

Decreased breath sounds, wheezes, rales

Question 6

Reactive Airway Disease (RAD): Physical Exam?

Answer 6

Wheezes (inspiratory or expiratory)

Question 7

Ischemic CVA: Physical Exam? (4)

Answer 7

Neurological deficits: hemiparesis (weakness of left or right side), unilateral paresthesias (abnormal sensations), aphasia (difficulty with speech), visual field deficits

Question 8

Hemorrhagic CVA (Brain Bleed): Physical Exam?

Answer 8

Unilateral neurological deficits

Question 9

Meningitis- Bacterial v Viral: Physical Exam? (2)

Answer 9

Meningismus (headache, neck pain), nuchal rigidity (cannot flex neck forward due to rigidity of neck muscles)

Question 10

Spinal Cord Injury: Physical Exam? (5)

Answer 10

Midline bony tenderness, deformities or step-offs (bones should be aligned, but not), bilateral extremity weakness, numbness, decreased rectal tone

Question 11

Seizure (Sz): Physical Exam? (2)

Answer 11

Somnolent (sleepy), confused (postictal – after sz)

Question 12

Bells Palsy: Physical Exam?

Answer 12

Unilateral weakness of the upper and lower face

Question 13

Vertigo (Room Spinning): Physical Exam?

Answer 13

Horizontal nystagmus, positive Romberg, positive dix-hallpike test

Question 14

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): Physical Exam? (6)

Answer 14

Abdominal tenderness, guarding, rebound, abnormal bowel sounds, abdominal distension, tympany

Question 15

Gallstones (Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis): PE?

Answer 15

RUQ tenderness, Murphy’s sign

Question 16

Gastointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed): PE? (4)

Answer 16

Pale conjunctiva, pallor, tachycardia

Rectal exam: grossly bloody stool

Question 17

Pancreatitis: PE?

Answer 17

Epigastric tenderness

Question 18

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): PE?

Answer 18

Epigastric tenderness

Question 19

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): PE?

Answer 19

Suprapubic tenderness

Question 20

Pyelonephritis: PE?

Answer 20

Costo-vertebral angle tenderness

Question 21

Kidney Stone (Nephrolithiasis): PE?

Answer 21

CVA tenderness

Question 22

Ovarian Torsion: PE? (2)

Answer 22

Adnexal tenderness (right or left). Tenderness in the RLQ or LLQ

Question 23

Testicular Torsion: PE? (2)

Answer 23

Testicular tenderness and swelling (right or left)

Question 24

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): PE? (3)

Answer 24

Rhinorrhea, boggy turbinates, pharyngeal erythema

Question 25

Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat): PE? (3)

Answer 25

``` Pharyngeal erythema Tonsillar hypertrophy (enlargement) Tonsillar exudates (pus) ```

Question 26

Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection): PE? (4)

Answer 26

Erythema, effusion, dullness, or bulging of the TM

Question 27

Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): PE? (3)

Answer 27

Conjunctival injection (redness), edema, and exudates

Question 28

Epistaxis (Nosebleed): PE?

Answer 28

Anterior, posterior, or septal source (of the bleeding)

Question 29

Musculoskeletal Back Pain: PE? (2)

Answer 29

Paraspinal tenderness, positive straight leg raise (pos SLR diagnoses Sciatica; back pain that radiates down the legs)

Question 30

Extremity Injury: PE? (3)

Answer 30

Distal CSMT intact (circulation, sensory, motor, tendon) – do they have good sensation/movement/blood flow No tendon or ligament laxity ROM limited secondary to pain

Question 31

Aortic Dissection: PE? (2)

Answer 31

Unequal brachial or radial pulses, hypotension

Question 32

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): PE? (4)

Answer 32

Midline pulsatile abdominal mass, abdominal bruit, unequal femoral pulses, hypotension

Question 33

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): PE? (3)

Answer 33

Calf tenderness, cords, homan’s sign

Question 34

Abscess (Cellulitis with Fluctuance): PE? (3)

Answer 34

Fluctuance (pus-pocket), induration, purulent drainage

Question 35

Cellulitis: PE? (4)

Answer 35

Erythema, edema, increased warmth (calor), induration

Question 36

Rash: PE? (7)

Answer 36

Urticaria (hives or wheals), macules (flat), papules (raised bumps), vesicles (small blisters), blanching (not dangerous), petechaie (dangerous rash), purpura (dangerous rash)

Question 37

Allergic Reaction: PE? (3)

Answer 37

Edema, facial angioedema, urticaria (hives, wheals)

Question 38

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): PE? (3)

Answer 38

Ketotic order (fruity), dry mucous membranes (dehydration), tachypnea

Question 39

Psychological Disorder: PE? (4)

Answer 39

Flat affect, SI, HI, tangential or pressured speech

Question 40

Trauma: PE?

Answer 40

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Question 41

Appendicitis (APPY): Physical Exam?

Answer 41

McBurney’s point tenderness, RLQ tenderness, peritoneal signs: guarding, rebound, rigidity