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Intox > Course > Flashcards

Course Flashcards

1
Q

What does EC and IR mean?

A

EC = Electrochemical

IR = Infrared

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the IR portion of the instrument?

A

Detects mouth alcohol.

EtOH and carbon dioxide molecules absorb specific wavelengths of infrared energy. The amount absorbed is proportional to the amount of substance present.

Monitoring carbon dioxide allows for the presence of a mouth sample or alcohol standard or purge. The profile of EtOH and CO2 should be similar. If different, mouth alcohol is present.

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3
Q

What is the definition of the EC/IR II?

A

It is an approved instrument that analyzes samples of deep lung air and reports the results in milligrams of alcohol in 100 mL of blood.

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4
Q

Why is the breath tube heated?

A

To prevent condensation which can trap breath alcohol and reduce sample readings.

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5
Q

Where does the keyboard plug into?

A

The right hand side of the Enhancement Module.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the pressure sensor?

A

1) To measure the ambient atmospheric pressure when dry gas standards are used. The results are adjusted for different elevations.
2) Used to measure flow rate of the breath and determine when to accept a breath sample.

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7
Q

What is the fuel cell?

A

Analyses breath sample to determine the blood alcohol concentration (BAC).

When alcohol is present, a chemical reaction produces an electrical current. The amount of current produced is proportional to the amount of alcohol present.

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8
Q

What is the sample acceptance criteria?

A

1) Minimum flow rate of 12 L/min (0.2 L/sec)
2) Minimum volume of 1.5 L
3) After minimum volume is reached, the flow rate must drop by 5%

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9
Q

What is PBT? What are the three steps required?

A

Proper Breath Test.

1) Two diagnostic tests past.
2) Two alcohol standard tests within 10% of the target value.
3) Two suitable breath samples, the results of which agree within 20mg% of each other.

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10
Q

What are the first three questions asked by the Intox EC/IR II instrument?

A

1) Simulator temp in range? 33.8 - 34.2 C?
2) Subject mouth checked?
3) 15 minute subject observation period complete?

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11
Q

Who’s time does a QT go by?

A

The investigator’s time. Nobody else, and not the instrument’s time.

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12
Q

What is an unequivocal refusal?

A

Subject states they will not blow.

Record these statements and actions, press “R” for refusal at the blow stage.

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13
Q

What is an equivocal refusal?

A

Subject never verbally refuses but pretends to cooperate. Does not provide steady continuous sample. Ensure proper instructions have been provided and several opportunities to blow have been given. Push “R” for refusal.

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14
Q

What are the five different logs?

A

1) Personal log.
2) Instrument Usage report.
3) Maintenance Log
4) Alcohol Standard Change Log
5) Breath test bulletin.

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15
Q

What is a certificate of an Analyst?

A

Received with each shipment of Alcohol Standard.

Produced by lab analysts to confirm that the standard is suitable for use with an approved instrument. QT must compare identification and lot number of Std. Label with certificate.

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16
Q

What is the certificate of a qualified technician?

A

Completed at conclusion of PBT with two numerical results.

Completed manually in the NWT.

Certs must be perfect, no corrections or do a new one. Times and dates are the investigator’s times and dates.

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17
Q

Describe the mouth piece.

A

Contains a one way valve to prevent suck back. New piece per sample to prevent contamination and for sanitary reasons.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the purge fan?

A

Used to flush the system of previous samples, contaminants, or alcohol standards.

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19
Q

What is the blood/breath ratio and describe what it means.

A

2100:1.

The alcohol present in 2100 parts of deep lung air is equivalent to the alcohol present in 1 part of blood.

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20
Q

What is RFI? How is the instrument protected against it?

A

Radio frequency interference.

The sensitive circuits are protected by a Faraday cage. The outer casing of the instrument also blocks RFI.

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21
Q

What is Henry’s Law?

A

At a given temperature, the saturated vapour above a solution contains a concentration of solute proportional to the concentration of solute in the solution.

IE) At 34C, deep lung air contains a concentration of alcohol proportional to the concentration of the alcohol in the blood.

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22
Q

What factors can affect a result?

A

1) Breath temperature (high/low)
2) Shallow breath
3) mouth alcohol.

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23
Q

What information does the scroll screen provide?

A

Date/time, Location, Serial Number of unit, any outstanding records, any status messages, available memory in the DB.

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24
Q

How does a QT know a subject is blowing with adequate force?

A

An audible tone sounds, and the press “R” for refuse message disappears.

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25
Q

What is the name of the instrument?

A

Intox EC/IR II

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26
Q

What are the substances that the fuel cell is sensitive to?

A

Ethyl Alcohol, Methanol, Isopropyl Alcohol.

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27
Q

What is an observation period?

A

An essential period of time where the subject is monitored prior to providing each breath sample.

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28
Q

Why conduct an observation period?

A

Alcohol in the mouth can artificially elevate the breath test result.

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29
Q

What causes “mouth alcohol?”

A

Recent consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Regurgitation.

Vomiting stomach contents that contain alcohol.

Wet burp, or burping in general. Tough to tell the difference.

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30
Q

How long does it take for mouth alcohol to dissipate?

A

15 minutes.

31
Q

Who is ultimately responsible for the observation period being conducted properly?

A

The QT. Another member can conduct the observation period, but the QT is responsible that they do it properly.

32
Q

How do you conduct a proper observation period?

A

1) Subject in field of view of the observer.
2) In close proximity, to detect visible and audio queues of consumption or burps.
3) 15 minutes continuous observation.

33
Q

When should you restart the observation period?

A

1) Subject can’t be held in close proximity.
2) Subject places anything in their mouth.
3) Subject burps or vomits.
4) An inhaler is used.

34
Q

For test results to be impacted by another substance, the substance must be:

A

1) Volatile
2) Non-toxic
3) Present on the breath
4) Able to react in the fuel cell.

35
Q

If an interfering substance is detected by the instrument, what should you do?

A

Seek medical attention for the subject.

36
Q

What is possible if the BAC obtained from the instrument is not consistent with the behaviour and symptoms of the subject?

A

Possible contaminants other than alcohol, such as drugs. Seek medical attention in this situation.

37
Q

What is the difference between “calibration” and “calibration check?”

A

Calibration - the adjustment of the instrument to a specific value using a solution of known alcohol concentration. Performed by service agents.

Calibration check - regular checks with an alcohol standard to confirm instrument remains in calibration. Performed by QT.

38
Q

What is the section of the criminal code that requires the calibration procedure?

A

S. 258(1)(g)(i) C.C.

39
Q

What is the duration of a wet bath when installed on an instrument?

A

Shall not exceed 15 days, or fifty calibration checks. Whichever comes first. The instrument will let you know. Roughly change every 2 weeks.

40
Q

What is the duration of the dry gas standard?

A

Two year expiry date from date of manufacture, and must have a minimum cylinder pressure of 50 psi.

41
Q

What two colours of dots are on the dry gas cylinder, and what do they mean?

A

Green - cylinder is useable.

White - cylinder has been frozen and is not useable.

42
Q

What makes a wet bath standard suitable?

A

1) Accompanied certificate of analysis.
2) Simulator temp at 33.8 - 34.2 C
3) Use does not exceed 50 alcohol standard tests.
4) Use does not exceed 15 days.
5) Use before expiry of the bottle.

43
Q

What makes dry gas standard suitable?

A

1) Certificate of an analyst.
2) Used at a cylinder pressure of 50 psi or more.
3) Used before the expiry date of the cylinder.
4) Cylinder has been stabilized for 24 HOURS.

44
Q

What is the minimum PSI the cylinder must be to be installed in the instrument?

A

1000 psi or more.

45
Q

During installation of the dry gas cylinder, when reviewing the results of a Supervisor Test, what is the maximum acceptable variation?

A

+ or - 5%.

If not in the range, reinstall the same cylinder and run test again. If still no good, call in for repair of instrument.

46
Q

When installing a wet bath standard, during a supervisor test, what is the maximum acceptable variation in results?

A

Between 95 to 105mg%, which is 5% variation of the target value.

If not in range, change procedure using a new bottle. If still no good, call for service of instrument.

47
Q

When changing the wet bath standard, what are the steps that must be taken from the new bottle?

A

1) Check outer seal is not broken.
2) Verify inner seal is not broken.
3) Verify expiry date, lot # matches certificate of analysis.

48
Q

What should be checked on the simulator when making a change of alcohol standard?

A

Check for any jar cracks. Verify integrity of mercury column on thermometer. Perform a seal test once the sample is changed. Place mouth piece and tube on the top port, crimp the end of a second tube on the side port. Blow into the mouth piece and you should feel a pressure increase. Once reconnected to instrument, turn on simulator.

49
Q

How many samples are taken during a supervisor test?

A

5 for both wet and dry standards.

50
Q

What is the target value of the dry gas alcohol standard?

A

82mg% at sea level, variable at different altitudes. The pressure sensor will make the appropriate changes for you.

51
Q

Can status messages also be called error message?

A

NO!

52
Q

What is the purpose of the status messages?

A

Indication of current activities or operational status of the instrument.

53
Q

Who should the QT notify if the status message can be resolved locally?

A

The Breath Test Supervisor.

54
Q

What three components do the status messages have?

A

1) Name (providing a hint on the status.)
2) Cause (mechanical, operational, informative)
3) Action (recommended correction)

55
Q

What does “Check ambient conditions” mean?

A

Infrared absorbing substance is present in the sample chamber during the purge. IR detector or fuel cell output is unstable.

Subject is sitting close to the breath tube
Mouthpiece left on breath tube during purge
Volatile substances in the room air.

56
Q

What are the instrument status messages?

A

1) Printer not ready
2) Test aborted.
3) Diagnostic Test Failed
4) Check ambient conditions.
5) High blank.

57
Q

What are the alcohol standard status messages?

A

1) Alc Std Expires in X Days
2) Sim Soln expires in X Days
3) # Sim Solution Samples Left
4) Dry Gas Expires in X Days
5) Dry Gas Pressure Low
6) Alcohol Standard test out of range.

58
Q

What are the subject sampling status messages?

A

1) Breath Timeout
2) Insufficient Sample
3) Interfering substance
4) Mouth alcohol
5) Test Refused.

59
Q

How do you perform a “Quick Test” and when?

A

F2, generally after a refusal to prove the instrument is functional.

60
Q

What are the two methods of alcohol elimination?

A

1) Excretion

2) Metabolism (breakdown of Ethyl Alcohol to CO2 + H2O)

61
Q

Factors that affect alcohol absorption?

A

1) Food intake
2) Rate of consumption.
3) Concentration of alcohol in beverage
4) Drugs, diseases, emotional states

62
Q

After a single large dose, how long does it take to absorb the alcohol?

A

Majority in 15 minutes (or 10). More than 90% in an hour.

Peak BAC reached 20 - 40 minutes after last drink.

63
Q

How is alcohol distributed throughout the body?

A

In proportion to the water content of the tissues and fluids.

  • brain and urine have high water content = high alcohol content
  • bones and fat have low water = low alcohol content.
64
Q

What is the average elimination rate of alcohol in a person?

What is the range of elimination rates in people?

A

15mg% per hour.

10-20mg% per hour.

65
Q

What other body fluids can be analyzed for alcohol?

A

Urine (30% higher than blood)
Vitreous Humor (eye) (20% higher than blood)
Serum/Plasma (10-20% higher than blood.)

A quick and dirty conversion between mmol/L to mg% is multiply the former by 4. Contact lab for more in depth analysis.

66
Q

What info should investigators get from a subject to help the lab if necessary?

A

When did drinking start and end?
What and how much was consumed?
Was there alcohol in the vehicle?
Subject’s height/weight/gender.

67
Q

What is alcohol classified as?

A

Central Nervous System Depressant

68
Q

Define impairment.

A

BAC less than 100mg%.

  • loss of inhibitions and talkativeness
  • increased self confidence
  • lessened attentiveness.
  • increased reaction time.
69
Q

Define intoxication

A

100-250mg%

  • disturbed vision
  • loss of balance
  • red face (vasodilation)
  • muscular incoordination
  • slurred speech
70
Q

Define severe intoxication

A

250-400mg%

  • apathy
  • stupor
  • comatose
71
Q

Define a BAC of 400mg% or more.

A

Probably dead.

72
Q

What are effects on driving performance while impaired?

A

Attention is focused on single tasks.

Reaction time increases with simple tasks and choice reaction time.

More likely to take greater risks.

73
Q

What is the generally agreed upon BAC where all users are considered impaired?

A

100mg%

At 100mg%, one is six times more likely to cause a collision.

Intox (1 decks)

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