Course Review- L5

Question 1

Hg=

Answer 1

mercury

Question 2

T/F: Mercury is a man made element

Answer 2

F- naturally occurring

Question 3

Organic form of mercury:

Answer 3

methyl mercury

Question 4

Elemental form of mercury:

Answer 4

Hg^0

Question 5

Inorganic Hg salts:

Answer 5

Hg^+1 and Hg^+2

Question 6

What is the most toxic form of mercury?

Answer 6

Organic: Methyl mercury

Question 7

The most toxic form of mercury (methyl mercury- organic) can be found in:

Answer 7

fungicides, fish, water

Question 8

T/F: Methyl mercury is 95% GI absorbed

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Methyl mercury is _____ soluble and is ____ distributed throughout the body tissues

Answer 9

lipid; uniformly

Question 10

Methyl mercury toxicity results in:

Answer 10

neurological damage

Question 11

Most large scale mercury poisonings are due to:

Answer 11

organic mercury

Question 12

Organic mercury =

Answer 12

methyl mercury

Question 13

What form of mercury is a liquid metal?

Answer 13

elemental mercury

Question 14

Describe the distribution of elemental mercury (Liquid Metal):

Answer 14

Vaporizes easily, passes through membranes, skin and blood brain barrier

Question 15

T/F: elemental mercury is readily absorbed orally and throughout the GI tract

Answer 15

false- little or no oral or GI absorption

Question 16

T/F: Lungs will NOT absorb vapor elemental mercury:

Answer 16

False- lungs ABSORB vapor of elemental mercury

Question 17

What happens if you inhale elemental mercury vapor? (Liquid Metal)

Answer 17

can have toxic CNS effects with breathing lots of vapor

Question 18

When might there be risks for inhalation of elemental mercury (liquid mercury) vapor?

Answer 18

In occupational setting or mercury spills in poorly ventilated area

Question 19

What type of mercury is used in dental amalgam?

Answer 19

ELEMENTAL mercury

Question 20

What type of mercury are found in compounds used extensively in industry?

Answer 20

inorganic mercury salts

Question 21

List some inorganic mercury salts (4):

Answer 21

1. mercuric chloride
2. bromide
3. sulfate
4. nitrate

Question 22

What is the LEAST toxic form of mercury?

Answer 22

inorganic mercury salts

Question 23

Describe the GI absorption of inorganic mercury salts:

Answer 23

poor absorption

Question 24

Describe the GI absorption of the following forms of mercury:

1. Methyl mercury (natural)
2. Elemental mercury (Liquid Metal)
3. Inorganic mercury salts

Answer 24

1. 95% GI absorption
2. NO GI absorption
3. Poor GI absorption

Question 25

What happens with high levels of inorganic mercury salts?

Answer 25

mercuric ions concentrate in kidneys, acute toxicity, and renal necrosis * note this is still the least toxic form of mercury

Question 26

T/F: Inorganic mercury salts are water soluble and can lead to environmental water pollution

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Amalgam resotrations have been used for

Answer 27

150 years

Question 28

List some benefits of amalgam restorations:

Answer 28

1. affordable 2. durable 3. safe 4. longevity

Question 29

T/F: Up to 75% of amalgam restorations last for 15+ years

Answer 29

false- 80%

Question 30

T/F: With amalgam restorations, Hg does not enter pulp, bone or gingiva

Answer 30

true

Question 31

When is there risk for Hg vapor release with amalgam restorations?

Answer 31

1. mixing/insertion 2. polishing 3. removal

Question 32

T/F: Small amounts of Hg vapor are absorbed by the lungs, concentrated in the liver, and excreted through feces. Mercury levels are best measured through feces.

Answer 32

Both false; small of amounts of Hg vapor are absorbed by the LUNGS, concentrated in the KIDNEYS, and excreted through URINE. Mercury levels are best measured through URINE

Question 33

List the percentages of overall envrionmental mercury release: ____ fuel combustion ____ waste combustion ____ manufacturers and consumers _____ from dentistry

Answer 33

53% fuel combustion 34% waste combustion 13% manufacturers and consumers LESS THAN 1% from dentistry

Question 34

To control dental Hg release:

Answer 34

amalgam waste must be handled correctly

Question 35

List what comprises the amalgam waste capture devices:

Answer 35

1. chair side trap 2. vacuum pump filter 3. amalgam separator

Question 36

What is contact amalgam?

Answer 36

amalgam that has contacted the patient

Question 37

What are some forms of contact amalgam?

Answer 37

1. carving scrap 2. extracted teeth 3. amalgam in traps, filters, or screens

Question 38

Non-contact amalgam =

Answer 38

leftover mix