Court Cases Flashcards
(44 cards)
What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education?
It was a 1954 case that overturned the Separate but Equal standard of discrimination in education.
What did Gideon v. Wainwright establish?
The 1963 ruling that a defendant in a felony trial must be provided a lawyer free of charge if they cannot afford one.
What right did Griswold v. Connecticut guarantee?
The 1965 decision that the Constitution implicitly guarantees citizens’ right to privacy.
What principle was established in Marbury v. Madison?
The principle of judicial review was established in 1803.
What rights are affirmed in Miranda v. Arizona?
The 1966 ruling that upon arrest, a suspect has the right to remain silent and the right to consult with a lawyer.
What was the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?
The 1896 ruling that separate but equal facilities for different races were not unconstitutional.
What principle did Schenck v. United States establish?
The 1919 case established the ‘clear and present danger’ principle regarding limits on free speech.
What was the outcome of Roe v. Wade?
The 1973 ruling that decriminalized abortion.
What did Craig v. Boren determine about gender classification?
The 1976 ruling that classification based on gender must be related to an important government objective.
What did Miller v. California define?
The 1973 ruling that determined the obscenity clause relates to works that lack literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
What did Lemon v. Kurtzman define regarding government and religion?
The 1971 ruling that government actions must not inhibit or advance religion and must not entangle the government with religion.
What did Fletcher v. Peck uphold?
The decision stemming from the Yazoo land cases in 1803 upheld the sanctity of contracts.
What was the ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland?
The 1819 ruling that states cannot tax the federal government, confirming the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States.
What did Dartmouth College v. Woodward protect?
The 1819 ruling that the charter of Dartmouth College was protected under the contract clause of the U.S. Constitution.
What did Gibbons v. Ogden clarify?
The 1824 ruling clarified the commerce clause and affirmed Congressional power over interstate commerce.
What was upheld in Korematsu v. U.S.?
The 1941 ruling upheld the constitutionality of detention camps for Japanese-Americans during World War II.
What did Escobedo v. Illinois rule regarding defendants?
The 1964 ruling that a defendant must be allowed access to a lawyer before questioning by police.
What was the outcome of U.S. v. Richard Nixon?
The 1974 ruling rejected Richard Nixon’s claim to an absolutely unqualified privilege against any judicial process.
What was the ruling in Bakke v. Regents of the University of California?
The 1978 ambiguous ruling dealt with affirmative action programs that used race as a basis for selection.
What did Brandenburg v. Ohio determine?
The 1969 ruling determined that advocacy of violence for political reform is constitutional if not directed toward imminent lawlessness.
What right did Duncan v. Louisiana guarantee?
The 1968 ruling guarantees the right to a trial by jury where a sentence of at least two years is involved.
What precedent did Gitlow v. New York establish?
The 1925 case established the precedent of federalizing the Bill of Rights, applying them to states.
What test did Palko v. Connecticut provide?
The 1937 ruling provided a test for determining which parts of the Bill of Rights should be federalized.
What did Mapp v. Ohio establish?
The 1961 ruling established the exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court.
