Court cases

Question 1

What case established judicial review?

Answer 1

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established the power of the Supreme Court.

Question 2

Which case established national supremacy and implied powers?

Answer 2

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Used the elastic clause and stated that the power to tax involves the power to destroy.

Question 3

What was the significance of Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)?

Answer 3

Court struck down a New York steamboat monopoly

Signaled broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause.

Question 4

What doctrine was established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

Answer 4

Separate but equal doctrine

Question 5

What was Schenck v. US (1919) and who articulated it?

Answer 5

“Clear and present danger test” that stated that free speech could be limited during war time (and if it presents danger)

Oliver Wendell Hollmes

Question 6

What precedent was set in Gitlow v. New York (1925)?

Answer 6

Federalizing the Bill of Rights

States cannot deny freedom of speech through the 14th Amendment.

Question 7

What test was provided by Palko v. Connecticut (1937)?

Answer 7

Determining which parts of the Bill of Rights should be federalized

Question 8

What was the ruling of Brown v. Board, 1st (1954)?

Answer 8

School segregation unconstitutional

Overturned separate but equal and used the 14th Amendment.

Question 9

What did Brown v. Board, 2nd (1955) order?

Answer 9

Schools to desegregate ‘with all due and deliberate speed.’

Question 10

What rule was established in Mapp v. Ohio (1961)?

Answer 10

Exclusionary rule

Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court.

Question 11

What did Engel v. Vitale (1962) prohibit?

Answer 11

State-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools

Based on the 1st Amendment’s establishment clause.

Question 12

What principle was established in Baker v. Carr (1962)?

Answer 12

One man, one vote

Districts must have roughly the same number of people

Question 13

What did Abbington v. Schempp (1963) prohibit?

Answer 13

Devotional Bible reading in public schools

Question 14

What right was established in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)?

Answer 14

Right to counsel for those unable to afford lawyers in criminal proceedings.

Question 15

What did Wesberry v. Sanders (1963) mandate?

Answer 15

House districts to be as near equal in population as possible.

Question 16

What right was established in Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)?

Answer 16

Right of accused to invoke the 6th amendment during police questioning.

Question 17

What right did Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) establish?

Answer 17

Right of privacy implied in the 4th and 9th Amendments.

Question 18

What warnings were established in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?

Answer 18

Miranda warnings of counsel and silence must be given before questioning.

Question 19

What did Epperson v. Arkansas (1968) prohibit?

Answer 19

Banning the teaching of evolution in schools.

Question 20

What right did Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) guarantee?

Answer 20

A student’s right to protest.

Question 21

What test was established in Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)?

Answer 21

3-part test to determine if establishment clause is violated.

Question 22

What did Furman v. Georgia (1972) determine?

Answer 22

State death penalties are arbitrary and violate the equal protection clause.

Question 23

What guidelines were established in Roe v. Wade (1973)?

Answer 23

States could not ban abortion under the 14th amendment due process clause.

No state interference in the 1st trimester.

Question 24

What test for obscenity was created in Miller v. California (1973)?

Answer 24

Community standards, illegal sexual conduct, lacks artistic value.

Question 25

What principle was established in U.S. v. Nixon (1974)?

Answer 25

Executive privilege exists, but not in criminal cases.

Question 26

What did Gregg v. Georgia (1976) uphold?

Answer 26

New Georgia death penalty laws requiring dual-phase trials.

Question 27

What does Buckley v. Valeo (1976) protect?

Answer 27

Campaign spending under the 1st Amendment. States can limit campaign contributions, but candidates can use their own money (unlimited)

Question 28

What was the ruling in Bakke v. UC Regents (1978)?

Answer 28

Strict quotas unconstitutional, race can be one factor in admissions.

Question 29

What did Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1987) allow?

Answer 29

More leeway for states in regulating abortion.

Question 30

What did Texas v. Johnson (1989) protect?

Answer 30

Flag-burning as symbolic speech under the 1st Amendment.

Question 31

What was determined in Shaw v. Reno (1993)?

Answer 31

No racial gerrymandering in redistricting.

Question 32

What did U.S. v. Lopez (1995) rule about the Gun Free School Zones Act?

Answer 32

Exceeded Congress’ authority to regulate interstate commerce.

Question 33

What did Bush v. Gore (2000) invoke?

Answer 33

14th Amendment’s equal protection clause to stop Florida recount.

Question 34

What did McDonald v. Chicago (2010) incorporate?

Answer 34

Right to keep and bear arms under the 2nd Amendment through the 14th.