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Court Cases Flashcards

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1
Q

Federal programs that classify people on the basis of race are subject to strict scrutiny even if they are for benign purposes

A

Adarand constructors, inc. v Pena (1995)

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2
Q

Court ordered federal district court in NY to lift an injunction established in 1985 that forbade public school teachers from entering on parochial school grounds to provide remedial education

A

Agostini v. Felton

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3
Q

Issue of malapportionment of election districts raised a justifiable claim under the equal protection clause of 14th amend. The effect was enforce reappointment of nearly all federal state an local election districts nationwide.

A

Baker v. Carr

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4
Q

Ruled freedoms guaranteed by the bill of rights, specifically 5th, are only for federal gov.

A

Barron v. Baltimore

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5
Q

Westside high school refused to let a group of students form a Christian bible study court sided with students that they cannot be denied to make clubs

A

Board of education of westside community schools v. Mergens

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6
Q

Upheld right of Boy Scouts to exclude gays from being scout masters based on freedom of association and speech

A

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale

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7
Q

Separate but equal doctrine is unequal. Eliminates state power to use race as discrimination and provided national gov. to intervene with strict regulatory policies

A

Brown v. Board of education

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8
Q

Individual spending limits on campaigns violates 1st amend. free speech.

A

Buckley v. Valero

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9
Q

Reversed order by Florida Supreme Court to recount ballots in 2000 election. Violated 24th amend. and court could not make state law

A

Bush v. Gore

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10
Q

CA changed from a closed primary to blanket primary held that the state law violated parties 1st amend. Rights

A

California Democratic Party v. Jones

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11
Q

Incorporated 1st amend free exercise clause against the states protecting exercise of religion from the states

A

Can’t well v. Connecticut

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12
Q

McCain-Feingold campaign finance reform law that prevents corporations and labor unions from spending money on advertisements during political campaigns independent of political candidates or parties is unconstitutional

A

Citizens united v. FEC

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13
Q

Line item veto as granted in the line item veto act of 1996 violated the presentment clause of the United States constitution because it impermissible gave the president of the United States the power to unilaterally amend or repeal parts of statutes that had been duly passed by the US congress

A

Clinton v. City of New York

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14
Q

First case to apply the intermediate scrutiny test to gender based discrimination can only be justified if it serves important governmental adjectives and is substantially related to those objectives

A

Craig v. Bored

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15
Q

14th amendment due process clause applies to freedom of assembly the court said the right to organize a communist party and speak at its meeting were constitutional

A

De Jonge v. Oregon

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16
Q

Upheld the Miranda warnings as being constitutionally based congress may not overrule Miranda v. Arizona

A

Dickerson v. US

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17
Q

Second amendment protects an individuals right to posses a firearm unconnected with service to the militia and use it for lawful purposes

A

District of Colombia v. Heller

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18
Q

People of African decent imported into the US and held as slaves or their decedents wether or not slaves could never be citizens and congress could. It ban slavery

A

Dred Scot v. Sanford

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19
Q

Case that determined that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school Prayer and require its recitation in school

A

Engel v. Vitals

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20
Q

State could fire persons for violating a state prohibition on the use of peyote even if part of a religious ritual

A

Employment division v. Smith

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21
Q

Incorporating Establishment clause. Begging of separationist drive by the court and religious practices in government were invalidated

A

Everson v. Board of education

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22
Q

Constitution gave congress alone the power to suspend the writ in case of rebellion or invasion and that consequently the presidents action had been without warrant

A

Ex parte Merryman

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23
Q

Congress could constitutionally use its spending power to remedy past discrimination. Suit against enforcement of provisions

A

Fullilove v. Klutznick

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24
Q

Petitioner could not properly be tried on a criminal offense by a military commission appointed by the military commander in a state where the courts were open and unobstructed

A

Ex parte Milligan

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25
Q

Major case establishing the supremacy of the national government in all matters afflicting interstate commerce defined as commerce between several states

A

Gibbons v. Ogden

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26
Q

Warren court overruled an earlier case and established that any person who cant afford a lawyer gets a lawyer

A

Gideon v. Wainwright

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27
Q

Started selective incorporation where bill of right was selectively incorporated the bill of rights to the states using 14th amendment

A

Gitlow v. New York

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28
Q

Congress may ban the use of cannabis under the commerce clause even where states approve it for medical use

A

Gonzales v. Raich

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29
Q

U of m undergraduate affirmative action policy. Ruled point system was too mechanistic therefore unconstitutional

A

Gratz v. Bollinger

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30
Q

Right to privacy included the right to martial privacy and struck down state laws restricting married persons use of contraceptives and the circulation of birth control information

A

Griswold v. Connecticut

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31
Q

Upheld position asserted in previous case that allowed race to be a consideration in admissions policy but held quotas were illegal

A

Grutter v. Bollinger

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32
Q

Decision that public school curricular student newspapers that have not been established as forums for student expression are subject to a lower level 1st amendment protection than independent student expression or newspapers established as forums for student expression

A

Hazelwood school district v. Kuhlmeier

33
Q

Immediate challenge to civil rights act of 1964. Hotel refused to accept black customers. Court held congress could use its commerce clause to fight discrimination

A

Heart of Atlanta hotel v. U.S

34
Q

The due process clause of the fifth amendment which only limits the national government contains an equal protection clause

A

Hirabyashi v. U.S

35
Q

Land to another owner. Court said the general benefits a community enjoyed from economic growth qualified such redevelopment plans as permissible public use under the taking clause of the fifth amendment

A

Kelo v. City of new London

36
Q

Constitutionality of executive order 9066 which required Japanese to be excluded from western US areas described as military bases. Said it was constitutional

A

Korematsu v. US

37
Q

Established lemon test requirements concerning religion. Purpose advancing or inhibiting religion must not involve excessive government entanglement with religion

A

Lemon v. Kurtzman

38
Q

Legality of Christmas decorations on town property

A

Lynch v. Donnelly

39
Q

Evidence obtained in violation of the 4th amendment ban on unreasonable searches and seizures are excluded from trial. Exclusionary rule

A

Mapp v. Ohio

40
Q

Chief Justice Marshall established the right of the court to have judicial review

A

Marbury v. Madison

41
Q

Upheld constitutionality of most of the bipartisan campaign reform acts of 2002 also known as McCain feingold acts

A

McConnel v. FEC

42
Q

First and most important case favoring national control over economy. Also concluded national gets precedence over state law in confict

A

McCulloch v. Maryland

43
Q

Incorporated the second amendment to the states government may not ban all private possessions of firearms

A

McDonald v. Chicago

44
Q

Shaping district to favor Africans unconstitutional under equal protection clause

A

Miller v. Johnson

45
Q

Government can outlaw obscene material based on if it lacks serious literary artistic political or scientific value

A

Miller v. California

46
Q

Ruled anyone placed under arrest must be informed of the right to remain silent and to have counsel during interrogation

A

Miranda v. Arizona

47
Q

State required group to give names and addresses of all members in the state to keep it from operating. Court ruled that showing the list would be illegal

A

NAACP v. Alabama

48
Q

Individual mandate to buy health insurance in the affordable care act is constitutional as an exercise of congress power to tax

A

National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius

49
Q

Decision that the national labor relations act was constitutional. Increased congresses power under the commerce clause

A

National Labor Relations Board v. Jones and Laughlin Steele Corp

50
Q

Recognized the freedom of the press from prior restraints on publication a principal that was applied to free speech generally in subsequent cases

A

Near v. Minnesota

51
Q

High school student caught smoking was searched and drugs were found. Held the search was constitutional

A

New Jersey v. T.L.O

52
Q

The pentagon papers case even if publication would embarrass government it would cause no national harm

A

New York Times v. US

53
Q

The president may not be sued while in office

A

Nixon v. Fitzgerald

54
Q

Due process clause guarantees the right to marry as one of the fundamental liberties it protects and applies to same sex couples also requires other states to recognize a marriage not in their state

A

Obergefell v. Hodges

55
Q

Double jeopardy protection was not essential to a fundamental scheme of ordered liberty

A

Palko v. Connecticut

56
Q

Changed assertion in roe of a fundamental right to choose an abortion was up to the states as long as they do not impose an undue burden and parent identification and 24 hour waiting period

A

Planned parenthood v. Casey

57
Q

Court held that 14th amendment equal protection of laws was not violated by racial discrimination as long as separate facilities were equal

A

Plessy v. Ferguson

58
Q

Decision which determined that in a capital trial the defendant must be given access to counsel soon his or her request

A

Powell v. Alabama

59
Q

Qualification v minority preference. Universities could take minority’s into consideration because a diverse student body was constitutional

A

Regents of the university of California v. Bake

60
Q

Court repealed parts of the communications decency act extending the right to speech principles to the internet and the term indecent is too broad of a term

A

Reno v. ACLU

61
Q

Held that religious duty was not suitable defense to a criminal indictment

A

Reynolds v. US

62
Q

Rendered unconstitutional all state lawmaking abortion a crime ruling they could not interfere in a woman’s right to privacy

A

Roe v. Wade

63
Q

Upheld a federal statute excluding women from the military draft on the grounds that women were barred from combat

A

Rostker v. Goldberg

64
Q

Students published Christian newspaper but were refused publication by university court found that the university’s rule was unconstitutional

A

Rosenberger v. University of Virginia

65
Q

Student lead prayer at football games violate the establishment clause

A

Santa Fe independent school district v. Doe

66
Q

Speech may be punished if it creates a clear and present danger test of illegal acts

A

Schenck v. US

67
Q

Congressional district so irregularly draw and drawn to ensure election of a minority representative and violated the 14th amendment. Redistricting based on race is held at a standard of scrutiny

A

Shaw v. Reno

68
Q

Decision narrowly read the 14th amendment to protect only privileges or immunities conferred by the virtue of the US but not state citizenship

A

Slaughterhouse cases

69
Q

Most important judicial extension of civil rights in education since 1964. State imposed desegregation could be brought about by busing and under certain limited circumstances even racial quotas could be used as the starting point in shaping a remedy to correct past violation

A

Swan v. Charlotte- Mecklenburg Board of education

70
Q

Invalidated prohibitions on desecrating the American flag in force in 48of the50 states. Protected under 1st amendment

A

Texas v. Johnson

71
Q

The right to free speech includes symbolic speech. Student armband case

A

Tinker v. Des Moines

72
Q

Struck down federal law banning the possession of a gun near school first limitation in 60years on congressional commerce clause

A

US v. Lopez

73
Q

Nationality act of 1940 provided that members of the military forces of the US who deserted would lose their citizenship. Found unconstitutional

A

Trop v. Dulles

74
Q

Court held that congress exceeded its authority in passing the violence against women protection act since it was not commerce

A

US v. Morrison

75
Q

Stated that executive privilege did not extend to data in presidential or tapes bearing upon criminal prosecution can be required to present those to do with criminal prosecution

A

US v. Nixon

76
Q

State imposed term limits on members of congress were unconstitutional

A

US term limits Inc. v. Thornton

77
Q

Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional denied federal benefits to gay married couples

A

Windsor v. US

78
Q

Warrantless seizures were against 14th amendment. Prevented local officers from securing evidence by means prohibited under the exclusionary rule

A

Weeks v. US

79
Q

Pres. Truman seized steel plants during Korean conflict due to a possible strike. Decision limited power of the president to seize private property in the absence of enumerated authority under. Art. 2 or statutory authority conferred to him by congress

A

Youngstown sheet and tube co. v. Sawyer

Ap Gov (3 decks)

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