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PHARMACOLOGY > COVID-19 > Flashcards

COVID-19 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Infectious disease caused by coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2

A

COVID-19

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2
Q

Pathogenesis of COVID-19?

A

Largely unknown; mimics SARS

Cytopathic to human airway and alveolar cells

Promotes release of cytokines, leading to inflammation of the pneumocytes

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3
Q

Route of Transmission of COVID 19?

A

respiratory droplets and contact

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4
Q

Clinical Features of COVID-19?

A

Incubation of 0-24 days (ave. of 5-7 days)

Average symptom onset of 5 to 6 days from exposure, with symptoms lasting 1 to 14 days

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5
Q

Complications of COVID-19?

A

ARDS, respiratory failure, liver injury, acute myocardial and kidney injury, septic shock, and multiple organ failure

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6
Q

Diagnostics of COVID-19?

A

molecular test (PCR) or a rapid antigen-detection test

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7
Q

Common Symptoms of COVID-19?

A

Fever
Chills
Sore throat

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8
Q

Preventive Measures of COVID-19?

A

-Social distancing
-Wearing of mask in crowded places
-Practicing hand hygiene
-Respiratory etiquette
-Vaccination and booster doses

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9
Q

Prevention of COVID-19?

A

COVID-19 vaccination

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10
Q

Side Effects of COVID-19 vaccination?

A

Happens within 7 days

Fever, chills, tiredness, and headache are more common after 2nd dose of vaccination

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11
Q

Adverse Events of COVID-19 vaccination?

A

Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis associated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (males ages 12-39 years)

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12
Q

COVID-19 vaccines that are designed to teach our cells how to make a protein that triggers an adaptive immune response and safe during pregnancy

A

mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: Pfizer & Moderna

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13
Q

Uses a harmless virus which is altered to contain part of COVID-19’s genetic code

A

Pfizer/Moderna

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14
Q

Contains a synthetic version of part of COVID-19’s genetic code (mRNA)

A

Pfizer/Moderna

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15
Q

Contains a weakened or inactivated version of the COVID-19 virus

A

Johnson&Johnson(Janssen)

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16
Q

Uses pieces of the COVID-19 virus – sometimes fragments of the ‘spike’ protein

A

Novavax

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17
Q

Number of Doses for Pfizer

A

2 doses, 21 days apart

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18
Q

Number of Doses for Moderna

A

2 doses, 28 days apart

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19
Q

Number of Doses for Janssen

A

1 dose

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20
Q

Number of Doses for Novavax

A

2 doses, 21 days apart

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21
Q

Age approved for Pfizer?

A

6 months+

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22
Q

Age approved for Moderna?

A

6 months+

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23
Q

Age approved for Janssen

A

18 years+

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24
Q

Age approved for Novavax

25
Pfizer's Rate of Effectiveness
95% 86% in 65+
26
Moderna's Rate of Effectiveness
94.1% 86% in 65+
27
Janssen's Rate of Effectiveness
72% 86% against severe disease
28
Novavax's Rate of Effectiveness
90.4% 78.6 in 65+
29
Emergency Use Authorization of Pfizer
Dec. 11, 2020
30
Emergency Use Authorization of Moderna
Dec. 18, 2020
31
Emergency Use Authorization of Janssen
Feb. 27, 2021
32
Emergency Use Authorization of Novavax
July 12, 2022
33
Type of Vaccine for Pfizer
mRNA
34
Type of Vaccine for Moderna
mRNA
35
Type of Vaccine for Janssen
Viral Vector
36
Type of Vaccine for Novavax
Recombinant protein/adjuvants
37
Most common side effects of COVID-19 vaccines mentioned
Fatigue, headache, chills, muscle pain
38
Contraindication for Pfizer and Moderna
History of allergic reaction to polyethylene glycol, polysorbate, or other vaccine ingredients Allergic reaction to first dose
39
Contraindication for Janssen
History of severe reaction to vaccine ingredients, risk of rare blood clot in women under 50
40
A version of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that has evolved and changed shape, which can alter its behavior
Viral Variant
41
The immune response generated by vaccination or infection activates: B cells which make highly specific antibodies that bind to the virus and stop it entering your cells. T cells which can stimulate B cells and kill infected cells
IMMUNITY
42
Antibodies that aren't as good at recognizing variant’s shape so the virus can cause an infection
IMMUNE EVASION
43
COVID-19 CLINICAL PATHWAY
C.A.R.E Confirm Assess Respond Evaluate
44
Five RIGHTS of Drug Administration
Right Medication Right Patient Right Dose Right Time Right Route
45
Strongly Recommended Drugs for patient at High Risk with Non-severe COVID
Nirmatrelvir Ritonavir
46
Weakly Recommended Drugs for patient at High Risk with Non-severe COVID
Molnupiravir Remdesivir
47
Weakly Recommended Drugs for patient at Moderate Risk with Non-severe COVID
Nirmatrelvir Ritonavir
48
Weakly Against Drugs for patient at Moderate Risk with Non-severe COVID
Molnupiravir Remdesivir
49
Strongly Against Drugs for patient at Low Risk with Non-severe COVID
Molnupiravir Remdesivir
50
Strongly Recommended Drugs for a patient with Severe COVID
Corticosteroids Tocilizumab (IL-6 Receptor Blockers) Baricitinib (JAK Inhibitors)
51
Weakly Recommended Drugs for a patient with Severe COVID
Ruxolitinib and Tofacitinib (JAK Inhibitors) Remdesivir
52
Strongly Recommended Drugs for a patient with Critical COVID
Corticosteroids Tocilizumab (IL-6 Receptor Blockers) Baricitinib (JAK Inhibitors)
53
Weakly Recommended Drugs for a patient with Critical COVID
Ruxolitinib and Tofacitinib (JAK Inhibitors) Remdesivir
54
Weakly Against Drugs for a patient with Critical COVID
Remdesivir
55
Drugs not for treatment and only used for research settings:
Ivermectin Fluvoxamine Convalescent Plasma VV116
56
Drugs that are not recommended for treatment:
Colchicine Hydroxychloroquine Lopinavir-ritonavir Casirivimab and imdevimab Sotrovimab
57
Adverse Events for Remdesivir
Acute kidney injury, increase liver enzymes, hypotension, arrhythmia, thrombotic events, acquired infection (sepsis), seizures
58
Adverse Events for Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir
Acute kidney injury, thrombotic events, bleeding, acquired infection (sepsis)
59
Adverse Events for Molnupiravir
Acute kidney injury, thrombotic events, bleeding, hypertension

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