CP - Written Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
What are our primary tools to assess patients
A
- eyes
2. hands
2
Q
__________ posture pattern is a pattern that alternates in direction from area to area
A
Compensate
3
Q
The most common observed pattern is: ___ ____ _____ ____ is the CoC1 joint
A
left- right - left- right
4
Q
___________ posture pattern is a patter that doesn’t alternate
A
uncompensate
5
Q
_________ patters arise from trauma, represent neg. adaptive modifications. Adaptation potential is minimal or absent.
A
uncompensated
6
Q
Hypertonic refers to a muscle that is usually _______ and has a ________ threshold
A
shorterened , lowered threshold
- it will contract sooner/ faster
7
Q
hypotonic refers to a muscle that is ______ and has a ________ threshold
A
lengthened, raised
- it will contract slower or not at all
- other muscles will help
8
Q
synergist muscles help a ___________ muscle
A
hypotonic
9
Q
List the muscles prone to HYPERactivity (18)
A
- gastroc, soleus
- tibialis posterior
- hip adductors
- Medial & lateral Hamstring
- Rectus femoris
- Iliopsoas
- Tensor fascia latae
- QL
- piriformis
- Erector Spinae group
- Latissimus dorsi
- C/S extensors
- upper traps
- levator scapulae
- SCM
- Suboccipitalis
- arm flexors
18 scalenes
10
Q
“Tightness-Weakness” syndrome
A
Hypertonic (short) and weak
- contractile components have decreased extensibility
- Fascia and CT have decreased extensibility
11
Q
RX for “Tightness-weakness” syndrom
A
- Increase visco-elasticity
- First : lengthen muscle & decrease TrPts
- Last: then Strengthen
12
Q
Prone to HYPO-activity muscles (12)
A
- Peronei
- Tibialis anterior
- Vastus Medialis
- Vastus Lateralis
- Gluteal
- Rectus Abdominis
- Serratus anterior
- Traps, lower and middle
- deep cervical flexors
- Upper limb extensors
- scalenes
- rhomboids
13
Q
Name the primary postural muscles (11)
A
- Soleus
- Gastroc
- tib ant
- HS
- Rectus femoris
- Iliopsoas
- Gmax
- Rectus Abd., intern/exten oblique
- Sacrospinalis
- Trap & rhomoids
- Mutifidus, spinal rotators, interspinales and transversaries
14
Q
Soleus (hyper/hypo)
A
hyper
15
Q
gastroc (hyper/hypo)
A
hyper
16
Q
tib ant (hyper/hypo)
A
hypo
17
Q
Hamstring (hyper/hypo)
A
hyper
18
Q
Rectus femoris (hyper/hypo)
A
hyper
19
Q
Iliopsoas(hyper/hypo)
A
hyper
20
Q
Glut max (hyper/hypo)
A
hypo
21
Q
rectus abdominus, int. & ext. oblique (hyper/hypo)
A
hypo
22
Q
sacrospinalis (hyper/hypo)
A
hypo
23
Q
Trap (hyper/hypo)
A
middle and lower are hypo
upper: hyper
24
Q
Rhomoids (hyper/hypo)
A
hypo
25
Multifidus, spinal rotators, interspinales, transversaries (hyper/hypo)
hyper
26
What is the main difference btw tonic and phasic muscles
Tonic: low levels of conti contraction
Phasic: contract faster, are for movement
27
Separation of O & I will show that the muscle has ___________
Weakness
28
Approximation of O & I will show that the muscle has __________
shortness
29
Predominantly stabilizing muscles will ______ when stressed
Shorter
30
Predominantly phasic muscles will ______ when stressed
weak
31
______ _______ to ____ _____ decribes what happens as tissue adapt to imposed tasks and loads, when particular responses are called for
Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands
32
Define Specific adaptation to imposed demands
what happens as tissue adapts to imposed tasks and loads, when particular responses are called for
33
Name the muscles that shorten/ tighten during Upper Cross syndrome
Pec major and minor
Upper trap
Levator scap
SCM
34
Name the muscles that elongate during upper cross syndrome
Lower and middle trap
Serratus anterior
Rhomboid
Deep neck flex
35
Name the muscles and if they shorten or lengthen in Upper Cross syndrom
```
Shorten:
Pec major and minor
Upper trap
Levator scap
SCM
```
```
Weaken:
Lower and middle trap
Serratus anterior
Rhomboid
Deep neck flex
```
36
Name some consequences of Upper cross syndrome
- C0-C1 hyperextended = forward head carriage
- Lower C/s and upper T/s will be stressed
- Rotation/ abd of scap
- altered access of glenoid fossa
- TMJ problems
- inappropriate breathing fxn
- fibrotic changes and TrPts
37
Muscles that shorten/ tighten and weaken during Lower cross syndrome
Hip flexors: iliopsoas, rectus femoris, TFL, adductors
- Erector spinae group
- QL
- Piriformis
Muscles that weaken
- Abdominal
- Gluteals
38
muscles that get short and tight during lower cross syndrome
Piriformis
rectus femoris
adductors
QL
39
Muscles that weaken during lower cross syndrome
Abdominal
| gluteal
40
Consequences of lower cross syndrome
- anterior pelvis tilt
- increased lumbar lordosis - stress at L5-S1
- decreased trunk/ spinal stability
- instability at T/L jxn
41
Layer syndrome: name the hyper/hypotonic muscles
hyper:
C/s erector spinae
upper trap
levator scap
thoracolumbar erector spinae
HS (in lower cross HS aren't tight)
Hypo:
Rhomoids
Mid/lower trap
Serratus anterior
Lumbosacral erector spinae
Gmax
42
Stance phase is ______ % during gait
60
| heel strike , flat food, mid-stance, heel off, toe off
43
Swing phase is _______% during gait
40%
| acceleration, mid swing, deceleration
44
Normal end feel is _____
springy
45
_____ ______ is deiscrete, short range movements of a joint
end feel
46
_____ ______ ______ occurs when patient has maximally contracted the muscle controlling a particular motion
active E.R
47
_____ _____ ____ occurs when another person passively moves a joint from active end range through joint range
passive end range
48
______ _____ _____ is a range that occurs btw the Passive end range and anatomical limit of the joint
Paraphysiological space
| where a chiro adjustment occurs
49
____ ____ _____ the anatomical barrier is the limit of anatomic integrity
Anatomic end range
50
_____ law states that deformation (resulting from strain) imposed on an elestic body is in proportation to the stress (force/load) placed on it; so long as the limit of elasticity of the body is not exceeded
Hooke's law
51
Define Hookes law
deformation (resulting from strain) impoed on an elastic body is in proportion to the stress (force/load) placed on it
52
_____ is a change in shape as a result of stress
strain
53
____ conti deformation (increase strain) of a tissue over time under a constant load
creep
54
Define Creep
An increase in strain over time from a constant load
55
______ law states that tissue deform in relation to the lines of force imposed on them
Wolff's Law
56
Define Wolffs law
Tissue deform in relation to the lnes of force imposed on them
57
_______ insufficiency of a muscle is when full ROM is limited by the angonist muscle length
Passive
58
The limiting factor in passive insufficiency of a muscle is when full ROM is limited by _________ muscle length
antagonist
59
________ insufficiency refers to lack of agonist muscle strength
Active
60
Active insufficiency is due to the lack of _______ muscle strength
Agonist
61
Name the 5 grades of mobilization
I. SHORT amp. at the beg. of the range
II. LARGE amp. movement performed with in the resistance free range
III. LARGE amp. performed into resistance
IV. SHORT amp. within resistance
V. Manipulation at end ROM
62
describe a chiro adjustment
High velocity, low amp.
63
To remove Chiropractice subluxations means
to remove the structural dysfunctions of joints and muscles that are associate with neurologic alternations
