CP23 - Gastroenteritis Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is facultative organism
it is organisms which can grow in both aerobic and anaerobic condition
what are some of the clinical presentation for gastroenteritis
Acute onset Vomiting and/or Diarrhoea – frequency, mucous, blood Abdominal pain Systemic effects – fever etc.
what are some of the viruses which can cause viral gastroenteritis
Norovirus, rotavirus
what are some of the bacteria which causes bacterial gastroenteritis
Salmonella,
- Shigella, - E coli - Campylobacter - Vibrio cholerae - Clostridium difficile - Staph aureus - Bacillus cereus
what are some of the parasite which can cuase parasitic gastroenteritis
Entamoeba hist.
Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium
what are some of the symptoms of viral gastroenteritis
diarrhoea and projectile vomiting
treatment for viral gastroenteritis
no specific treatment - symptoms relief really, prevention of dehydration
where does cryptosporidium normally present to infect others
water - as waterborne disease (oocyst resistance to chlorine based disinfectants
what are the 2 main ways which can bacteria ccause bacterial gastroenteritis
enterotoxin production, adherence
what is EHEC/VTEC
eneterohaemorrhagic EC
what does a large proportion of patients go on to develop when they have E.coli infected gastroenteritis
haemolytic uraemic syndrome
what does E.coli O157 produce
shiga-toxin - cause destruction of RBC which then clog the body’s filtering system
how does salmonella cause problem?
it is an adherence type of bacteria and so the bacteria itself cause problem
what are some of the salmonella which can cause bacterial gastroenteritis
S. typhi
S. paratyphi
S. enteritidis
S. typhimurium
what are the treatment for gastroenteritis
supportive management - generally avoid antibiotics (except in v. young & old, invasion)
what is antibiotic associated diarrhoea
antibiotic caused disruption of guy microflora
what are some of the symptoms for antibiotic associated diarrhoea
mild diarrhoea to pseudomembranous colitis including toxic megacolon, perforation, shock
what are some of the common organism which causes antibiotic associated diarrhoea
C.diff, C. perfringens, S, aureas, Candida spp, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp
why does antibiotic might make gastroenteritis worse
it is because organism causing gastroenteritis produce toxins and so antibiotics will kill and hence release a large amount of toxins and can cause even worse problems
what causes C.Diff infection?
broad spectrum antibiotics
which specific drugs are high risk for causing C.Diff Infection
cephalosporins, clindamycin
what is the treatment for C.Diff infection
oral metronidazole/oral vancomycin, oral fidaxomicin (3-5 days until diarrhoea resolve)
