CP26 - Bacterial and Fungal Meningitis Flashcards
(32 cards)
which infection, meningitis or encephalitis will have a rash?
meningitis will have a rash
which infection, meningitis or encephalitis will have altered conscious level?
encephalitis
what are some symptoms for brain abscess?
insidious onset of fever, headache & neck stiffness, seizures, focal neurological signs
can also present with altered conscious level
what is the usual causative agent for brain abscess?
bacterial maybe parasitic
what is the normal range of glucose level in CSF?
2.5-4.0 mmol/L
what is the normal range of protein level in CSF?
0.15-0.4 g/L
what is cryptococcus ?
fungus
who normally gets the fungal meningitis
usually occur usually in HIV patients
what type of meningitis is neisseria meningitis
bacterial meningitis
what sort of bacteria is neisseria?
gram -ve diplococci (often seen in pairs)
where is the natural habitat for nesseria on the human body?
nasopharynx, increased in smokers
how is the spread of nesseria done throughout the body
haemtogenous and then enter the CSF through crossing the blood brain barrier
what are some of the presentation of nerisseria meningitis?
fulminant septicaemia
septicaemia with purpuric rash
pyogenic meningitis with no rash
Chronic meningococcal bacteraemia with arthralgia
Focal sepsis
Conjunctivitis, endophthalmitis
what is fulminant septicaemia?
fulminant - sudden onset
septicaemia - widespread destruction of tissues due to uptake of toxins released from bacteria from blood - aka blood poisoning
what is the treatment for nerisseria meningitis
medical emergency - rapid progression can cause death within hrs
ceftriaxone, cefotaxime
penicillin
rifampicin & ciprofloxacin available for chemoprohylaxis
vaccine available
where does haemophilus influenzae grow?
in blood
which type of haemophilus influenzae cause the most invasive disease?
type b
what is the pathway which haemophilus influenzae can enter the human body
Throat carriage – invasion of submucosa – blood stream
what are the treatment of meningitis induced by haemophilus influenzae
cefttriaxone, cefotaxime, ampicillin
chemoprohylaxis - rifampicin
vaccine available
what sort of bacteria is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
gram +ve cocci, cells in pair, haemophilus
what is the normal habitat for streptococcus pneumoniae
human respiratory tract
what is the treatment for meningitis induced by streptococcus pneumoniae
ceftriaxone, ceftotaxime
vaccine available
what must be used in conjunction the rest of the antibiotics used in streptococcus pneumoniae induced meningitis
steriods - Dexamethasone
what agents causes neonatal meningitis?
Group B beta-haemolytic Streptococci
Escherichia coli
Listeria monocytogenes
