Cp6 - Radiation

Question 1

Name 4 types of models of the atom

Answer 1

• daltons billiard ball model
• Thomsons plum pudding model
• Rutherfords model
• Niels Bohr’s variation of rutherfords

Question 2

What is daltons billiard ball model

Answer 2

Dalton’s model is a theory that states that all matter is composed of small particles called atoms, which are indivisible and indestructible.

Question 3

What is the plum pudding model

Answer 3

An atomic model created by Thomson in 1904 that suggests the atom was a sphere of positive charges in which electrons were embedded. ( like plums in a plum pudding model )

Question 4

What is rutherfords atom

Answer 4

An atomic model created in 1911 that suggests negativly charged particles surround the nucleus of the atom in which contains a mix protons and neutrons

Question 5

What is Niels Bohrs model

Answer 5

A modification of rutherfords model where the electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom in fixed sizes and energy unlike rutherfords where ....

Question 6

What is a proton

Answer 6

A proton is a small positivly charged particle with a relative mass of 1. it is found with in thr nucleus of all atoms.

Question 7

What is an electron

Answer 7

An electron is a negativly charged particle with the relative mass of 1/1840 (or negligible). it is found either free or bound to an atom

Question 8

What is a neutron

Answer 8

A neutron is a particle with no charge and a relative mass of 1. it is found in the nucleus of every atom ( exept hydrogen)

Question 9

What is a positron

Answer 9

a positron is a particle with the same mass as an electron but the charge of a proton

Question 10

What is the nucelus of an atom

Answer 10

The nucleus is the inner part of an atom in which protons and neutrons are embeded, electrons orbit the nucleus.

Question 11

What is the radius of an atom

Answer 11

The radius of an atom is 0.6x10^-10

Question 12

What is the radius of an atoms nucleus

Answer 12

1x10^-15

Question 13

Where is all of the mass of the atom located

Answer 13

All the mass of an atom is the nucleus

Question 14

What is the overall charge of the nucleus of an atom

Answer 14

the overall charge of the nucleus is positive ( only protons and neutrons in nucleus )

Question 15

What are orbiting electrons located on

Answer 15

Orbiting electrons of an atom are located on shells

Question 16

True or false - the shells in which electrons orbit are the same energy level

Answer 16

False - all shells have different energy levels

Question 17

True or false - energy levels that are further away from the nucleus of an atom are at higher energy then those which are closer to the nucleus

Answer 17

true

Question 18

what is it called when an atom gives out light by returning back to its original shell

Answer 18

Emmision

Question 19

True or false - electrons can move to different shells of an atom

Answer 19

true

Question 20

What is an example of emmision

Answer 20

LED lights - they produce light when an electrical forces electrons to move within atoms in gas form

Question 21

What is Ionization

Answer 21

Ionization is an atom gains so much energy that one or more electrons can escape the atom altogether.

Question 22

what is an ion

Answer 22

An ion is an atom that has lost or gained an electron

Question 23

Why will ions have an overall negative or positive charge when a regular atom will have no overall charge at all

Answer 23

In an ion there will be more protons then electrons or vice versa meaning that there will be more positive/negative charges then the other. however with a regular atom all the positive charges cancell out the negative charges

Question 24

True or false - the same colour will be emmitted even though there are different changes of energy levels

Answer 24

false - Different colours will be emmited due to the different changes of energy levels ( 1- 5 ) ( 1 - 3 ) ( 2- 3 )

Question 25

What is radioactive decay

Answer 25

radioactive decay is the random process that takes place in the nuclei of an atom where particles or energy are emitted

Question 26

what are the three types of radiation

Answer 26

The three types of radiation are Alpha, Beta and Gamma

Question 27

What is Alpha radiation

Answer 27

Alpha radiation os when an atom throws out two protons and two neutrons otherwise known as an alpha particle ( this is the same mass as a helium nucleus )

Question 28

What is beta radiation

Answer 28

Beta radiation is when a neutron will become a proton and will also throw out an electron at the same time

Question 29

What is gamma radiation

Answer 29

Gamma radiation is an electromagnetic wave with very high energy, it is emmited from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay

Question 30

How strong alpha radiation

Answer 30

Alpha radiation can do a lot of damage if it gets inside of you but it can easily be absorbed by a few centimeters of air or a few sheets of paper

Question 31

How strong is beta radition

Answer 31

Beta radiation can easily pass through air but is stopped/absorbed by a few mm of alluminium.

Question 32

How strong is gamma radiation

Answer 32

Gamma radiation is very penatrating and can only be absorbed by several cm of lead

Question 33

What is backround radiation

Answer 33

Backround radiation is the natural radiation which exists in the enviroment.

Question 34

What are some examples of backround radiation

Answer 34

Examples of backround radiation include: Medical radiation (x-rays and ct scans), Emissions from power plants, emmisions from nuclear testing and natural radiactivity from the air (like raydon)

Question 35

True or false - decay can be easily predicted from scientists

Answer 35

false - decay is a random process that cannot be predicted

Question 36

What is positron decay

Answer 36

positron decay is when a proton turns into a neutron and positron, the newly created positron is ejected from the nucleus

Question 37

True or false - in gamma decay, both the atomic mass and the atomic number stay the same

Answer 37

true

Question 38

What is half life

Answer 38

Half-life is the time it takes for the number of nuclei in a radioactive isotope to half, it is also the time for the count rate to half

Question 39

True or false - scientists cannot predict the time it takes for half the original nuclei to decay

Answer 39

false - scientasts can predict the time it takes for half the original nuclei to decay - this is half life

Question 40

What are some of the dangers associated with radiation

Answer 40

some dangers included with radiation are: cancer, mutations of dna, immune system damage and hair loss

Question 41

What is irradation

Answer 41

Irradation is exposing an object to nuclear radiation ( alpha, beta, gamma)

Question 42

What is a use of irradation

Answer 42

A use of irridation is steralization, lots of medical equipment needs to be clean/steralized but sometimes heating it doesn't always work so instead gamma radiation is used to steralize the equipment

Question 43

True or false - irradation is dangerous and precuations need to take place in order to protect people working around radiactive substances

Answer 43

true

Question 44

What are some of the precautions we take to prevent the dangers of ionizing radiation

Answer 44

Sheilding - wearing lead embedded clothing to prevent alpha radiation Monitoring - does not stop radiation but measures how much radiation someone will have recieved, this helps us remove them when they have taken in to much radiation

Question 45

What is ionizing radiation

Answer 45

Ionizing radiation is radiation that makes electrons escape an atom altogether (forming ions)