CPE 046 Flashcards by Heinz Prd.

A collection of computing devices connected in order to communicate and share resources

Computer network

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Facilitates the transmission of data between devices, such as files, emails, and messages.

Data Transfer

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Allows users to access and control
devices and resources from remote locations.

Remote Access

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Enables the sharing of physical
resources like printers, scanners, and storage devices.

Hardware Sharing

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Allows multiple users to access and utilize shared software applications.

Software Sharing

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Provides access to the vast
amount of information available on the internet.

Internet Connectivity

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Enables access to centralized
databases for data storage and retrieval.

Database Access

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Allows for centralized
management and monitoring of network devices and
resources.

Network Administration

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Enhances security measures to protect network
resources from unauthorized access.

Security

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Key Functions of a Computer Network

Communication:
Resource Sharing:
Information Access:
Centralized Management:
Security:

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how is hardware (physically) connected?

Network Topology

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how is a message’s destinations identified?

Addressing

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should all data be sent in the same fashion?

Message Delivery

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what path through the network is taken?

Routing

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Any device on a network

Node

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The speed with which data is moved from
one place to another on a network

Throughput

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refers to the amount of data that can be
transmitted and received during a specific period of time.

Bandwidth

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measures delay. Delay is simply the time
taken for a data packet to reach its destination after being
sent.

Latency

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is any computer hardware or software device
that requests access to a service provided by a server.

Client

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is a computer program or device that provides a
service to another computer program and its user, also
known as the client.

Server

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is the
data transfer rate that a network
connection can support.

*It’s usually measured in bits per
second (bps).

bandwidth

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is the actual
data transfer rate that is sent over a network.

throughput

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It’s the time it takes for a packet
of data to travel from the source
to the destination.

Latency:

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Computer networks have opened up an entire frontier in the world of computing called the

client/server model

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A set of rules that defines how data is formatted and processed on a network; i.e., rules that allow client/server interaction

Protocol

A computer that stores and manages files for multiple users on a network

File server

A computer dedicated to responding to requests (from the browser client) for web pages

Web server

a physical arrangement through which various endpoints and links in an enterprise network communicate with each other.

Network Topology

A simple topology that directly links two nodes and reserves the entire bandwidth of the connection for them to communicate with one another.

Point to Point

All the nodes are linked using a single cable with a terminator on both ends.

Bus topology

Each node is linked with its neighbor to form a closed network.

Ring Topology

All nodes are connected to a central hub using a communication link.

Star Topology

nodes are arranged in a configuration that resembles a tree’s leaves, branches, and trunk.

Tree Topology

all the nodes are interconnected and can send and receive their data and relay data from other nodes.

Mesh Topology

Features characteristics of multiple other topologies. The creation of such a configuration depends on the requirement of the network.

Hybrid Topology

Two most commonly used hybrid topologies are

star-ring and star-bus.

A network that connects local-area networks over a potentially large geographic distance

Wide-area network (WAN)

The communication infrastructures that have been developed in and around large cities

Metropolitan-area network (MAN)

a collection of devices connected together in one physical location, such as a building, office, or home.

Local-area network (LAN)

Types of Networks

Internet Gateway

A wide area network that spans the planet

Internet

One particular set up to handle all communication going between that LAN and other networks

Gateway

A set of high-speed networks that carry Internet traffic.

Internet backbone

is the first Internet Exchange Point in the Philippines.

Philippine Internet eXchange

A company that provides other companies or individuals with access to the Internet

Internet service provider (ISP)

2 Categories of Transmission Media

Guided Media Unguided Media

It is also referred to as Wired or Bounded transmission media.

Guided Media

3 Major Types of Guided Media

* Twisted Pair Cable * Coaxial Cable * Fiber Optic Cable

This type of cable has the ability to block interference and does not depend on a physical shield for this purpose. It is used for telephonic applications.

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

This type of cable consists of a special jacket to block external interference. It is used in fast-data-rate Ethernet and in voice and data channels of telephone lines.

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

It has an outer plastic covering containing 2 parallel conductors each having a separate insulated protection cover.

Coaxial Cable

It uses the concept of reflection of light through a core made up of glass or plastic. The core is surrounded by a less dense glass or plastic covering called the cladding. It is used for transmission of large volumes of data.

Fiber Optic Cable

RJ45, stands for

Registered Jack-45

An 8-pin/8-position plug or jack is commonly used to

to connect computers onto Ethernet-based local area networks (LAN).

are used to terminate the twisted-pair cable onto the connector interface.

Two wiring schemes–T568A and T568B–

a description for layered communications and computer network protocol & transmission design

Open System Interconnection Reference Model

True or False The osi model is a physical implementation

False

What are the 7 Layers of the osi model

Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

- End User layer - HTTP, FTP, IRC, SSH, DNS

Application

- Syntax layer - SSL, SSH, IMAP, FTP, MPEG, JPEG

Presentation

- Synch & send to port - API's, Sockets, WinSock

Session

- End to end connections - TCP, UDP

Transport

- Packets - IP, ICMP, IPSec, IGMP

Network

- Frames - Ethernet, PPP, Switch, Bridge

Data Link

- Physical structure - Coax, Fiber, Wireless, Hubs, Repeaters

Physical

RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF RAW BIT STREAMS OVER A PHYSICAL MEDIUM.

PHYSICAL LAYER

CONVERTS DIGITAL DATA INTO ELECTRICAL SIGNALS OR LIGHT PULSES SUITABLE FOR TRANSMISSION. PHYSICAL

BIT TRANSMISSION

DEFINES THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NETWORK, SUCH AS CABLES, CONNECTORS, AND INTERFACES.

CONNECTION

DETERMINES HOW BITS ARE REPRESENTED AS SIGNALS (EG, MANCHESTER ENCODING, NRZ).

SIGNAL ENCODING

ENSURES THAT THE SENDER AND RECEIVER CLOCKS ARE SYNCHRONIZED

BIT SYNCHRONIZATION:

IMPLEMENTS BASIC ERROR DETECTION TECHNIQUES LIKE PARITY CHECKING.

ERROR DETECTION

RESPONSIBLE FOR RELIABLE DATA TRANSFER BETWEEN NODES ON A NETWORK SEGMENT.

DATA LINK

DIVIDES DATA INTO SMALLER UNITS CALLED FRAMES.

FRAMING

ASSIGNS UNIQUE PHYSICAL ADDRESSES (MAC ADDRESSES) TO EACH NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC).

PHYSICAL ADDRESSING

EMPLOYS TECHNIQUES LIKE CYCLIC REDUNDANCY CHECK (CRC) TO DETECT ERRORS IN TRANSMITTED DATA.

ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION

REGULATES THE RATE OF DATA TRANSMISSION TO PREVENT THE RECEIVER FROM BEING OVERWHELMED.

FLOW CONTROL

RESPONSIBLE FOR LOGICAL ADDRESSING AND ROUTING DATA PACKETS ACROSS DIFFERENT NETWORKS.

NETWORK LAYER

BREAKS DATA INTO SMALLER PACKETS FOR EFFICIENT TRANSMISSION.

PACKET SWITCHING:

DETERMINES THE BEST PATH FOR PACKETS TO TRAVEL FROM SOURCE TO DESTINATION.

ROUTING:

ASSIGNS UNIQUE LOGICAL ADDRESSES (IP ADDRESSES) TO EACH DEVICE ON A NETWORK.

LOGICAL ADDRESSING:

BREAKS DATA INTO SMALLER PACKETS FOR EFFICIENT TRANSMISSION

PACKET SWITCHING

DETERMINES THE BEST PATH FOR PACKETS TO TRAVEL FROM SOURCE TO DESTINATION

ROUTING

MANAGES NETWORK TRAFFIC TO PREVENT CONGESTION AND ENSURE EFFICLENT DATA FLOW.

CONGESTION CONTROL

ASSIGNS UNIQUE ADDRESSES TO DEVICES CONNECTED TO THE NETWORK, ENABLING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THEM.

IP (INTERNET PROTOCOL)

SPECIFIES THE UNIQUE NUMBER WHICH IS ASSIGNED TO YOUR NETWORK

NETWORK ADDRESS

IS A SPECIFIC ADDRESS NUMBER ASSIGNED TO EACH HOST MACHINE

HOST ADDRESS

USES FIXED-LENGTH SUBNET MASKS AND CATEGORIZES IP ADDRESSES INTO FIVE CLASSES (A, B, C, D, E )

CLASSFUL ADDRESSING (1981)

USES VARIABLE LENGTH SUBNET MASKS (VLSM) AND ALLOWS FOR FLEXIBLE ALLOCATION OF BITS TO NETWORK ID AND HOST ID

CLASSLESS ADDRESSING

THESE HAVE TI DI WITH SIZE OF NETWORKS AS THEY ARE ASSIGNED FROM IANA

CLASSFUL AND CLASSLESS

THESE HAVE TO DO WITH HOW YOU ALLOCATE YOUR IP SPACE WITHIN YOUR NETWORKS

FLSM AND VLSM

IN A WORD, CLASSLESS ADDRESSING CAN BE SUMMARIZED AS ______

EFFICIENT

IT ALSO CALLED CIDR

CLASSLESS ADDRESSING (1993)

VLSM STAND FOR

VARIABLE-LENGTH SUBNET MASKS

TAKING A NETWORK AND DIVIDING IT INTO SUB-NETWORKS

SUBNETTING

OFFERS A COMPACT AND EXTREMELY USEFUL WAY TO REPRESENT IP ADDRESSES AND THEIR ASSOCIATED SUBNET MASKS

CIDR NOTATION

8 ATTRIBUTES OF SUBNETTING

NETWORK ID BROADCAST ID FIRST HOST IP LAST HOST NEXT NETWORK IP NUMBER OF IP ADDRESSES NUMBER OF HOST ADDRESES SUBNET MASK

A TABLE THAT MAKES SUBNETTING MORE EASIER

SUBNETTING CHEAT SHEET

CPE 046 Flashcards

(97 cards)