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CPH laboratory > CPHLAB Epidemiology [2026]✓ > Flashcards

CPHLAB Epidemiology [2026]✓ Flashcards

1
Q

“Branch of medical services which treatsepidemics.

A

J.P. Parkin, 1873

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2
Q

“Scientific study of the distribution anddeterminants of health-related states or eventsin specified populations, and the application ofthis study to control health problems.”

A

John Last, 2001

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3
Q

The study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in man

A

McMahon and Pugh, 1970

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4
Q

ariables which help measure changes

A

World Health Organization (WHO)

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5
Q

Measures the occurrence of a particular event (disease,disability, birth, death) in a given population during agiven period of time

A

Rates

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6
Q

Rates Formula

A

[a/(a+b)t]c

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7
Q

are used to indicate the riskassociated with the exposure

A

Multipliers

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8
Q

monitored everyday

A

Reproduction rate

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9
Q

Also measure the risks associated with exposures

A

Rate

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10
Q

Also provide information regarding the speed in whichthe disease is developing to make comparison acrossthe population

A

Rate

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11
Q

Portrays a relationship of a part of a whole

A

PROPORTION

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12
Q

PROPORTION FORMULA

A

[a/(a+b)]c

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13
Q

Part of a whole

A

Proportion

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14
Q

Different variables are beingb compared as a whole

A

Ratio

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15
Q

● Measures how fast people are added to the populationthru birth

A

Crude Birth Rate

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16
Q

Crude Birth Rate

A

CBR = No. of registered birth in a given year / Midyear population of given year X 100

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17
Q

More specific than crude birth rate since unlike crudebirth rate, the midyear population is specified to womenin reproductive age (15 – 44 years old

A

GENERAL FERTILITY RATE

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18
Q

General Fertility Rate Formula

A

No. of total registered birth in a given year / Midyear population of women X 100

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19
Q

●Simplest measure of mortality or death● Measures how fast mortality happens in a

A

Crude Death Rate

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20
Q

Crude Death Rate Formula

A

CDR = Total death in a given year / Midyear population in that year X 100

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21
Q

Crude death rate is also affected by adverse ________ and ________ conditions.

A

Environmental and Occupational

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22
Q

it also affect crude deathrate when the location is not organized or safe.

A

Peace and Order Conditions

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23
Q

Rates which measure the force of mortality in specificsubgroups of the population

A

Cause-Specific Death Rate

24
Q

Cause-Specific Death Rate

A

CSDR = No. of deaths of specific group in a given year / Midyear population of the same group in a given year X 1000

25
Q

Measure how much afflicted die from the disease

A

Case Fatality Rate

26
Q

predicts the outcome of thedisease

A

Prognosis

27
Q

Case fatality rate is used to evaluate the_______________

A

effectiveness of the new treatments

28
Q

Case Fatality Rate Formula

A

CFR = No. of deaths during a specific period after diagosis of a particular disease / No. of population who diagnoses with the disease X 1000

29
Q

Case fatality rate is not constant and may vary between_______ and _______

A

Population and Overtime

30
Q

Pertains to the death of children who are less than one year of age

A

Infant Mortality Rate

31
Q

Infant Mortality Rate

A

IMR = No. of deaths in infant <1year in a given year / No. live births in that same year X 1000

32
Q

Occurence of Maternal Deaths

A

Maternal Mortality Rate

33
Q

Maternal Mortality Rate

A

MMR = All maternal deaths occuring in a calendar year / No. of live births in the same year X 1000

34
Q

● It is the probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying reaching the age of 5.●Reflects infant and child mortality rate

A

Under-Five Mortality Rate

35
Q

Represents the proportion of total deaths that are due to specific cause that happens in a specific group

A

Proportionate Mortality Rate/Ratio

36
Q

PMR Formula

A

PMR = No. of deaths from a specific cause of group / Total no. of deaths in that given year X 100

37
Q

The life expectancy at birth in the Philippines for theyear 2011 is _________ – WHO

A

70 years

38
Q

Used to show how a whole is divided into itscomponent parts through the use of wedge-shapedfigures

A

Pie Chart

39
Q

is proportional to the relative contribution of the component to the whole pie

A

Area of each wedge

40
Q

● The totality of the pie must be equivalent to 100%___________

A

totality of pie

41
Q

is representing the whole divided into smallerrectangles representing the parts.

A

Bar

42
Q

proportional to the relativecontribution of the component to the whole.

A

Smaller Rectangle

43
Q

Used to portray absolute or relative frequencies population rates or other numerical measurement across the categories of a qualitative variable or discrete quantitative variable.

A

Bar Graph

44
Q

– actual count

A

Absolute

45
Q
    • percentage
A

Relative

46
Q

● Used for comparing data between classifications/categories

A

Bar graph

47
Q

– represented by bars orrectangle

A

Frequencies or rates

48
Q

proportional to their value

A

Heights or lengths

49
Q

Graphical representation of the frequency distribution ofa continuous quantitative variable

A

Histogram

50
Q

The rectangle or bar is used to depict the counts,absolute or relative of each class or groupings

A

Histogram

51
Q

● Maybe drawn instead of histogram● Used if two or more distributions are to be depicted ina single gra

A

Frequency Polygo

52
Q

The __________ are plotted against the corresponding midpoints of the classes.

A

Frequency

53
Q

Must be emphasized that a polygon is a _________

A

closed figure

54
Q

Primarily intended to portray trend

A

Line Grap

55
Q

Used to show the relationship between two quantitative variable

A

Scatterplot

CPH laboratory (9 decks)

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