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CPN Exam > CPN Exam Respiratory/ENT Conditions > Flashcards

CPN Exam Respiratory/ENT Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

ABG Normal Values

A

pH: 7.35-7.45
PaCO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26

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2
Q

Abnormal ABG Values

A

pH
-<7.35 - Acidosis
->7.45 - Alkalosis
PaCO2
-<35 - Alkalosis
->45 - Acidosis
HCO3
-< 22 - Acidosis
->26 - Alkalosis

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3
Q

Acidosis Causes

A

Respiratory distress or arrest
Diarrhea, kidney failure, diabetic ketoacidosis

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4
Q

Alkalosis Causes

A

Hyperventilation
Vomiting

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5
Q

Respiratory Distress Management

A

Cluster care
Elevate head of bed
Do not feed orally with tachypnea
Do not hyperextend neck

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6
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic - Inflammation, hypersensitivity to triggers
Acute - Swelling of airways, mucous production

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7
Q

Bronchospasm

A

Narrowing of the airways

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8
Q

Asthma Assessment

A

Cough at night, after physical activity, lasting for > 1 Week
Chest tightness
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Respiratory Distress

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9
Q

Broncholitis

A

Lower respiratory infection causing an obstruction of the small airways, called bronchioles
Most cases caused by RSV

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10
Q

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

A

RBCs pick up CO quicker than they pick up O2. If there is a lot of CO in the air, the body will pick up only CO and this interferes with O2 getting into the body and leads to tissue damage and death. CO is odorless/colorless

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11
Q

Mild CO Poisoning

A

Dull headache (most common early symptom)
Dizziness
Fatigue
Nausea

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12
Q

Severe CO Poisoning

A

Confusion
Loss of consciousness
Death

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13
Q

CO Poisoning Treatment

A

100% oxygen via nonrebreathing face mask
May need hyperbaric oxygen if severe

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14
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

A

A chronic lung disease thought to be caused by injury to a premature lung

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15
Q

BPD Risk Factors

A

Gestational age < 30 weeks
Neonatal mechanical ventilation
High inhaled oxygen concentrations

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16
Q

BPD Assessment

A

Tachypnea
Nasal flaring
Shallow respirations
Wheezing crackles, rhonchi
Grunting respirations
Inability to wean from supplemental oxygen

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17
Q

BPD Treatment

A

Oxygen
Nasal Positive airway pressure
Small frequent feedings, high calorie formula
Medications
-Corticosteroids
-Bronchodilators
-Diuretics

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18
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) Croup

A

Primarily affects toddlers
Usually viral-induced inflammation of the larynx (large airway)
Most cases occur in autumn or winter
Etiology– Most cases are caused by Parainfluenza virus

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19
Q

Croup Assessment

A

Barky, brassy cough
Inspiratory stridor
Respiratory distress

20
Q

Croup Management

A

IV Fluid
Antipyretics
Racemic Epi
Corticosteroids

21
Q

Epiglottitis

A

A life-threatening infection of the epiglottis
Primarily affects kids under 5 years of age
Etiology = H. Influenzae

22
Q

Epiglottitis Symptoms

A

Fever
Painful/difficult swallowing with drooling and tongue protrusion
Refusal to drink
Cough, stridor
respiratory distress
Anxiety/irritability

23
Q

Epiglottitis Diagnosis

A

Lateral neck x-ray
NO manual assessment of airway without intubation equipment

24
Q

Epiglottitis Management

A

Prepare for intubation
Monitor respiratory status
IV corticosteroids/antibiotics
*Prevention - Hib vaccine

25
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

An inherited autosomal recessive disorder of the exocrine (mucus-producing) glands causing increase viscosity of mucous gland secretions.
The most common genetic disease in the U.S.

26
Q

CF Assessment

A

Steatorrhea
Frequent respiratory infections as infant
Failure to Thrive

27
Q

CF Diagnosis

A

Sweat Chloride test

28
Q

CF Respiratory Symptoms

A

Wet, Chronic cough
Wheezing
Dyspnea
Clubbing of fingernails
Barrel chest - obstructive emphysema, hyperaeration, patchy atelectasis

29
Q

Secondary Infection with CF

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Burkholderia cepacia
S. aureus
H. influenzae
E.coli
Klebsiella pneumonia

30
Q

CF Mechanical Management

A

Chest percussion
Deep breathing and coughing
Flutter mucous clearance device
ThAIRapy vest

31
Q

CF Medication Management

A

CFTR Modulator Therapy
Aerosolized Pulmozyme

32
Q

Pulmonary Infection with CF Management

A

Treat Infection Promptly & Aggressively
IV Antibiotics
Airway Clearance

33
Q

Worrisome Infections with CF

A

Pseudomonas aeruginos
-Difficult to eradicate
Burkholderia cepacia
-Increases morbidity and mortality

34
Q

Organs affected by CF

A

Pancreas - impaired nutrient absorption
Liver - Biliary Obstruction
Small intestine - Meconium blocks ( 7%-10% of cases)

35
Q

CF Nutrition

A

High Protein/High Calorie
Pancreatic Enzymes with snacks - in applesauce before meals

36
Q

CF Reproductive System

A

Female: delayed puberty, viscous cervical secretions
Male: Sterile

37
Q

CF Tracheostomy

A

Catheter should be ½ size of trach diameter

Instill catheter to a pre-measured length NOT until resistance is met.– 0.5 cm (0.2 inch) beyond the end of tracheostomy tube

Normal Saline should NOT be used - removes normal flora and promotes infection

38
Q

Vision Assessment

A

Infant: Gross assessment
Preschooler: picture test
School Age: letter test

39
Q

Hearing Assessment

A

Newborn: hospital before discharge
Toddler: assessment of speech
Preschooler: hearing acuity testing

40
Q

Amblyopia (Lazy Eye)

A

Can result from strabismus (crossed eyes
Can result in vision loss from disuse

41
Q

Amblyopia Management

A

Patch healthy eye
Refer for treatment

42
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of conjunctiva; can also be caused by viruses and allergies

43
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis Management

A

Antibiotic ophthalmic ointment or drop
Exclude from school for 24 hours after starting antibiotics
Warm compresses
Infection Control

44
Q

Otitis Media

A

Common in infants due to shorter, wider and less angled eustachian tube

45
Q

Otitis Media Assessment

A

Pull ear down and back 0-3
Up and back >3 years
Bulging/red TM
Pain, Fever, URI

46
Q

Otitis Media Treatment

A

Oral Antibiotics
Analgesics
Antipyretics
Tubes

47
Q

Otitis Media Prevention

A

Breast feed first 6 mo
Feed in upright position
Discontinue pacifier after 6 mo
Prevnar Vaccine
Avoid passive smoke

CPN Exam (10 decks)

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