CPR

Question 1

What is the goal of CPR?

Answer 1

Provide critical blood flow to heart and brain and to keep oxygen circulating

Question 2

What is the first step for a rescuer if the injured person is a child or the victim of a drowning incident?

What CPR protocol is to be followed for drowning victims?

Answer 2

Initiate with 2 ventilations, perform CPR for 2 mins, then activate EMS – 2 vent, 30 compressions (ABC)

Question 3

What are the five links in the chain of survival in their proper sequence?

Answer 3

EMS - Activation of EMS
CPR
AED - Defibrillation
Advanced cardiac life support/Resuscitation - advanced airway management
Post-cardiac arrest care - maintain airway support, continue monitoring

Question 4

What is the first step for a single rescuer once unresponsiveness has been established for an adult?

Answer 4

Starting CPR for 2 mins/5 cycles of 2:30

Question 5

What is the recommended depth and rate for compressions during CPR for:
an adult?
a child?
an infant?

Answer 5

5-6cm, 100-120 per min
Single hand may be all necessary, 5cm, 100-120 per minute
2-3 fingers, 1/3 of chest depth, 100-120 per minute

Question 6

When more than one rescuer is available, how are roles divided?

Answer 6

1 starts compressions, the other calls EMS
1 compresses, 2 ventilates 2:30 for adults, 2:15 for children
Switch every 2 mins/5 cycles

Question 7

What barrier devices (exposure protection) are recommended when doing ventilations?

How long should each ventilation last?

Answer 7

Face shield, oronasal resuscitation masks

1 second, watching for the chest to rise

Question 8

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the following: a) manually triggered ventilator, b) bag valve mask?

Answer 8

a) function as a demand valve that can deliver maximum oxygen concentrations to the breathing diver and minimize the gas waste and less tiring - high flow rate can potentially damage the lungs, Some devices can stop providing gas prematurely without alerting the operator
b) a good choice when two rescuers are available, because it provides a higher percentage of oxygen and less fatiguing - applied by a single rescuer produces very poor ventilations so requires minimum of 2 providers

Question 9

When providing ventilations only, how often should ventilations be delivered for an adult? For a child? For an infant?

Answer 9

1 every 5-6 seconds adults and children

1 every 3-4 seconds infants

Question 10

Why are AEDs recommended as part of CPR?

What are the considerations for using an AED on children or infants?

Answer 10

CPR cannot reestablish a normal heart rhythm

Using adaptor pads if available