CPR Flashcards
BLS Algorithm
Hazards, Hello, Help Circulation - Cardiac compression Airway Breathing Defribrilate Drip Drugs
CPR Technique
Heel of dominant hand on sternum between nipples Cover this hand with heel of other hand Lock fingers Arms straight/slightly bent, compress sternum, with weight of shoulders, 4-5 cm Short, sharp pumps Ensure full chest recoil Preferably with patient on firm surface CPR ration 30:2 adults, 15:2 paediatrics
Shockable rhythms?
Ventricular Fibrillation - highly irregular and saw-tooth
Ventricular Tachycardia - regular, fast, broad complexes, may be pulseless
Non-shockable rhythms?
Pulseless electrical activity, other than PVT
Asystole (flat-lining)
Defibrillator Types
Monophasic (current flows in one direction from the one paddle through the heart to the other)
Biphasic (flow of current initially identical to monophasic, but after a pre-determined time the flow is reversed)
Drugs used in CPR?
Adrenaline IV Atropine IV Amioderone IV Magnesium IV Bicarbonate Calcium Lignocaine IV
Indications for Adrenaline?
After 3 unsuccessful shocks
MoA Adrenaline?
Stimulates force and rate of contraction
Increases CO
Increases SVR
Increases BP
Indications for Amioderone?
2nd line drug for VF and pulseless VT
2nd line drug if unresponsive to defribrillation or adrenaline
What is the MoA of Amioderone?
Anti-arrhythmic
Post-arrest management?
Record treatment given and at what time Transfer patient to ICU: Ventilation and oxygenation Haemodynamic stability maintenance Seizure control Glucose control Hypothermia (32-34degress) 12-24h post arrest may improve neurological outcome
Contributing causes for cardiac arrest?
6H's: Hypoxia Hypovolaemia H+ acidosis Hyper/hypokalaemia Hyper/hypoglycaemia Hypothermia
6T's: Tension pneumothorax Tamponade Toxins Trauma Thrombosis - pulmonary Thrombosis - cardiac (MI)
Indication for use of Magnesium in CPR?
Only given for torsades des pointes (a type of VF)
If patient known to be hypomagnesaemic
Benefit/MoA of Magensium?
Replacement of depleted magnesium facilitates ion transfer and has a membrane stabilising effect on excitable membranes, such as myocardial tissue
Indications for the use of bicarbonate in CPR?
If resuscitation prolonged (all patients in cardiac arrest become acidotic)
NOT ROUTINELY GIVEN
Given in response to arterial blood gas analysis or given earlier if acidosis is the cause of the arrest
