CPR Flashcards
(20 cards)
How do you check for responsiveness in a child? An adult?
Child: words, responding to noises, pinch on foot; Adult: gentle shake on shoulders and ask loudly “are you alright”
Where do you check for a pulse on a young child?
Brachial pulse or femoral pulse
What are the ratios of breathing to chest compressions and how many rounds in two minutes?
Alone = 30:2 (neonate 3:1)
Couple = adult and child >/=8 30:2, child <8 15:2, neonate 3:1
5 rounds in two minutes
What is the compression rate for age?
100-120/minute for all except neonates 120/min
How do you carry out compressions according to age?
2 hands for >/8, 1 hand for 1-8, two fingers for <1
Where on the chest do you do compressions?
Lower third of sternum
How do you clear secretions from a child?
Place finger in V around the mouth, turn upside down, with a finger clear secretions
What is the difference between head tilt in an adult and a child?
Adult: head tilt chin lift (two fingers); child: vertical plane so is looking at the sky, do not tilt further
How long should a mouth to mouth breast last?
1 second
If a person collapses but responds, should you place them in the recovery position?
No - keep in position and continue monitoring until help arrives (could be pre-arrest)
How do you find a defibrillator in a public place?
The ambulance service may be able to direct you to the closest registered device
As a bystander should you check for a carotid pulse before starting compressions?
No as this can be difficult and is an inaccurate method for identifying a circulation
What is the role of the precordial thump?
No role in BLS. Only in ALS where ECG shows VT or VF and defib not immediately available. Ulnar side of clenched fist, sharp blow from 20cm to lower half of sternum with immediate lift off. Low success rate.
How do you put someone in the recovery position?
Arm closest to you at right angle to body, elbow bent and palm facing up. Far arm and bring across body, back of hand to near cheek. Pull up far leg above knee with foot still on floor, roll towards you with back of hand still on cheek. Place leg with hip and knee at right angles. Tilt head back to ensure airway is open and adjust their hand under their cheek as necessary to maintain position.
What are the initial steps in paediatric BLS?
- Check for response
- Head tilt, chin left, assess airway and breathing
- Call for help
- 5 rescue breaths
- Commence compressions (1 minute of CPR if alone before going for help)
What is the compression depth in infants and in older children? What should the hands be doing?
4cm; 5cm. Compressions and the second hand supporting the airway (head tilt in older children, face to the sky position in infants)
What is the resuscitation approach to drowning victims?
Five rescue breaths before starting compressions
How do you manage choking?
- Recognise choking - can mimic MI or or seizures therefore be aware if the person has been eating 2. Ask the victim to cough (if mild - i.e. still able to speak, cough and breathe to some degree cf severe where has weakened cough, difficulty or inability to breathe, cannot speak) 3. 5 back blows 4. If ineffective then up to 5 abdominal thrusts 5. Call for help if ongoing 6. If ineffective back to back blows and alternate 7. If unresponsive then CPR (no abdo thrusts) - chest compressions provide a greater intraabdominal pressure than either back blows or abdominal thrusts; throat mm may open to allow rescue breaths 7. Following resolution then medical review for residual retained fb (if ongoing coughing) and assessment for organ damage
How do you deliver back blows and abdominal thrusts?
Back blows: From the side and slightly behind, support body with one arm across and lean victim forward (so that bolus comes out of mouth rather than going further into airway), with heel of hand five sharp blows between the shoulder blades. Check if anything in mouth.
Abdominal thrusts: Stand behind victim and arms around, clenched fist between umbilicus and ribcage, hold fist with other hand and pull sharply upwards and inwards. Check their mouth.
Is there a role for abdominal thrusts in children?
Do not do under the age of 1. Instead do chest thrusts - two fingers to centre of chest
