CPS (AI Questions) Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is Croup?
Croup is a form of upper respiratory tract infection seen in infants and toddlers characterized by stridor due to laryngeal oedema and secretions.
Parainfluenza viruses account for the majority of cases.
What is the peak incidence age for Croup?
The peak incidence for Croup is at 6 months to 3 years.
During which season is Croup more common?
Croup is more common in autumn.
List the features of Croup.
- Stridor
- Barking cough (worse at night)
- Fever
- Coryzal symptoms
What is Acute epiglottitis?
Acute epiglottitis is a rare but serious infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B, requiring prompt recognition and treatment to prevent airway obstruction.
At what age does Acute epiglottitis generally occur?
Acute epiglottitis generally occurs in children between the ages of 2 and 6 years.
What has caused the decrease in the incidence of epiglottitis?
The incidence of epiglottitis has decreased since the introduction of the Hib vaccine.
List the features of Acute epiglottitis.
- Rapid onset
- Unwell, toxic child
- Stridor
- Drooling of saliva
What are the symptoms of an inhaled foreign body?
Symptoms of an inhaled foreign body depend on the site of impaction and may include sudden onset.
List the features of inhaled foreign body.
- Coughing
- Choking
- Vomiting
- Stridor
What is Laryngomalacia?
Laryngomalacia is a congenital abnormality of the larynx.
At what age do infants typically present with Laryngomalacia?
Infants typically present with Laryngomalacia at 4 weeks of age.
What is a common symptom of Laryngomalacia?
Stridor is a common symptom of Laryngomalacia.
What is presbycusis?
Age-related sensorineural hearing loss
Patients may describe difficulty following conversations and audiometry shows bilateral high-frequency hearing loss.
What are the main features of otosclerosis?
- Autosomal dominant inheritance
- Replacement of normal bone by vascular spongy bone
- Conductive deafness
- Tinnitus
- Flamingo tinge of tympanic membrane in 10% of patients
- Positive family history
Onset usually occurs at 20-40 years of age.
What is glue ear also known as?
Otitis media with effusion
It peaks at 2 years of age and is the commonest cause of conductive hearing loss in childhood.
What is the main presenting feature of glue ear?
Hearing loss
Secondary problems may include speech and language delay, behavioral issues, or balance problems.
What are the common symptoms of Meniere’s disease?
- Recurrent episodes of vertigo
- Tinnitus
- Hearing loss (sensorineural)
- Aural fullness or pressure
- Nystagmus
- Positive Romberg test
Episodes last from minutes to hours and are more common in middle-aged adults.
What is a common cause of drug ototoxicity?
- Aminoglycosides (e.g. Gentamicin)
- Furosemide
- Aspirin
- Cytotoxic agents
These drugs can lead to hearing loss.
Who is particularly at risk for noise damage leading to hearing loss?
Workers in heavy industry
Hearing loss is bilateral and typically worse at frequencies of 3000-6000 Hz.
What are the symptoms associated with acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannomas)?
- Hearing loss
- Vertigo
- Tinnitus
- Absent corneal reflex (cranial nerve V)
- Facial palsy (cranial nerve VII)
Bilateral acoustic neuromas are seen in neurofibromatosis type 2.
True or False: Bilateral high-frequency hearing loss is characteristic of presbycusis.
True
Audiometry shows this type of hearing loss in patients.
Fill in the blank: The sensation of _______ is common in Meniere’s disease.
aural fullness or pressure
This symptom is recognized alongside vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss.
What age group does glue ear peak in?
2 years of age
It is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in childhood.
