CPS Chapter 9

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

the smallest piece of matter that still retains the property of the element

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

a small positively charged center of the atom and is where protons and neutrons are found

Question 3

Protons

Answer 3

particles with an electric charge of +1

Question 4

Electrons

Answer 4

particles with an electrical charge of -1

Question 5

AMU

Answer 5

Stands for atomic mass unit and is the measurement for mass

Question 6

Quarks

Answer 6

protons and neutrons are made up of these smaller particles

Question 7

Democritus

Answer 7

he described all matter to be made up of tiny indivisible pieces that retained all properties of the larger sample

Question 8

John Dalton

Answer 8

his model of the atom, a solid sphere, was an early mode of the atom. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different elements are different

Question 9

JJ Thompson

Answer 9

he experimented with a cathode-ray tune and discovered negatively charged particles that are now known as electrons, he though that electrons were mixed throughout an atom like plums in a pudding

Question 10

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 10

he conducted the gold foil experiment, he aimed a beak of small positively charged particles at a thin sheet of gold foil and some particles deflected

Question 11

Bohr’s Electron Levels

Answer 11

Bohr proposed that electrons move around the nucleus in certain paths or energy levels

Question 12

Electron Cloud

Answer 12

the area around the nucleus of an atom where its electrons are most likely found and was discovered by Schrodinger and Heisenburg

Question 13

Size comparison

Answer 13

the electron cloud is 100,000x bigger than the nucleus

Question 14

Atomic number

Answer 14

the number of protons in an atom

Question 15

What part contains most of an atom’s mass

Answer 15

The nucleus because protons and electrons are far more massive than electrons

Question 16

Mass number

Answer 16

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 17

Isotope

Answer 17

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 18

Average Atomic Mass

Answer 18

the weighted-average mass of the midture of its isotopes in an element, (mass of A x Percent of A) x (mass of B x Percent of B) = AAM

Question 19

Periodic table

Answer 19

the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and by changes in physical and chemical properties

Question 20

Henry G.J. Moseley

Answer 20

led to arrangement of elements based on their increasing atomic numbers

Question 21

Mendeleev

Answer 21

arranged his own periodic table using mass instead of protons

Question 22

Groups

Answer 22

vertical columns in the PT

Question 23

Periods

Answer 23

horizontal rows on the PT

Question 24

Metals

Answer 24

good conductors of electricity and heat, shiny in appearance, able go be molded or re-shaped (malleable) and able to be stretched into wire or hammered thin (ductile)

Question 25

nonmetals

Answer 25

poor conductors, mostly gases, and on the right side of the periodic table

Question 26

Metalloids

Answer 26

have properties of both metals and non-metals, most common metalloid is silicon, touches the stair step line

Question 27

Valence electrons

Answer 27

the electrons farthest from the nucleus, atoms have different numbers of valence electrons

Question 28

Reactivity

Answer 28

how likely an atom is to interact or react with other atoms

Question 29

Alkali Metals

Answer 29

forms ions with a charge of +1

Question 30

Alkaline Earth Metals

Answer 30

Form ions with a charge of +2 and have 2 valence electrons

Question 31

Transition metals

Answer 31

forms ions with a charge of +2 but can vary, is usually 2 valence electrons

Question 32

Boron Family

Answer 32

forms ions with a charge of +3, 3 valence electrons

Question 33

Carbon Family

Answer 33

forms ions with a charge of +4 or -4, has 4 valence electrons

Question 34

Nitrogen family

Answer 34

forms ions with a charge of -3, 5 valence electrons

Question 35

Oxygen family

Answer 35

Forms ions with a charge of -2, 6 valence electrons

Question 36

Halogens

Answer 36

Form ions with a charge of -1, has 7 valence electrons

Question 37

Noble Gases

Answer 37

do not form ions, charge is 0, 2 or 8 valence electrons

Question 38

Where is metal on the periodic table?

Answer 38

the left