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CPTP 2.24-26 > CPTP 2.24-26 > Flashcards

CPTP 2.24-26 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

name a gram positive bacillus

A

clostridium, listeria

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2
Q

what kind of bacteria is h. influenza

A

gram negative coccobacillus

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3
Q

what kind of bacteria is pseudomonas

A

gram negative bacillus

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4
Q

name a quinolone

A

ciprofloxacin

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5
Q

name an aminoglycoside

A

gentamycin

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6
Q

what class is vancomycin in

A

glycopeptides

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7
Q

name some glycopeptide abx

A

vancomycin, teicoplanin

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8
Q

Abx that works at cell membrane

A

colistin

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9
Q

Abx that work at cell wall

A

beta lactams, glycopeptides

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10
Q

How are beta lactams excreted

A

renally

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11
Q

What is penicillin G

A

benzylpenicillin

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12
Q

What is penicillin V

A

methylpenicillin

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13
Q

penicillin resistant to penicillinase

A

fluclox, co-amoxiclav/augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanate), tazocin

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14
Q

penicillin that can cross BBB

A

amoxicillin

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15
Q

what is tazocin

A

piperacillin/tazobactam

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16
Q

1st gen cephalosporin

A

cefalexin

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17
Q

2nd gen cephalosporin

A

cefuroxime

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18
Q

3rd gen cephalosporin

A

cefotaxime, ceftriaxone

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19
Q

differences between ceph generations

A

the higher the generations the better the GN cover but at the expense of GP cover

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20
Q

cephalosporin that penetrates BBB

A

3rd gen - cefotaxime

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21
Q

Abx used in penicillin allergy

A

colistin, chloramphenicol

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22
Q

does metronidazole have aerobic activity

A

no

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23
Q

metronidazole MOA

A

forms o2 free radicals which interact with DNA once activated inside bacteria

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24
Q

An abx that can cross BBB and good for abscesses

A

metronidazole

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25
metronidazole and alcohol
disulfiram reaction
26
macrolide MOA
inhibit protein synthesis by inhibiting binding at 50s ribosomal subunit
27
macrolide side effects/interactions/CI
renal and liver failure - caution. prolonged QT interval (risk torsades de pointes). INCREASE warfarin and phenytoin levels
28
is clindamycin a macrolide
no but same mechanism
29
what class is clindamycin in?
lincosamide
30
good antibiotic in toxic shock syndrome as anti-toxin properties
clindamycin
31
tetracyclines MOA
inhibit protein synthesis - inh binding of tRNA to 30s ribosome
32
what reduces absorption of doxycycline
milk and antacids
33
doxycycline contra-indications
children <12, pregnancy, breast feeding because deposited in growing teeth and bones (staining and hypoplasia)
34
doxycycline side effects
photosensitivity reactions
35
aminoglycosides MOA
inhibit binding at both ribosomes
36
dosing of gentamycin
concentration dependent killing - once daily dosing gives a higher peak conc. dose should be calculated for ideal body weight
37
aminoglycoside CI
renal failure, myasthenia gravis, can cause ototoxicity (increased with frusemide)
38
ciprofloxacin MOA
DNA gyrase inhibitor (coils DNA)
39
cautions with ciprofloxacin
reduces epileptic seizure threshold
40
what is co-trimoxazole
trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole
41
trimethoprim MOA
inhibits DNA synthesis by folate inhibition
42
trimethoprim CI
pregnancy (1st trimester NTD)
43
nitrofurantoin CI
renal failure as wont get high enough concentrations in urine (active concentrations only in urine). 3rd trimester pregnancy
44
what is the 'focus' bit of 'start smart then focus'
review at 48h and make a decision (stop, switch oral/IV, change, continue, OPAT)
45
which abx routinely monitored
gentamycin, vancomycin
46
Abx where peak dose is predictor of eradication
aminoglycosides
47
Abx where time duration is predictor of eradication
beta lactams, clindamycin, macrolides
48
what should you do before prescribing gentamycin
check weight and renal function
49
when do you take a trough level in gentamycin
before 2nd dose in OD regime. before 3rd dose in BD regime
50
how is vancomycin prescribed
loading and maintenance doses, aim for trough level 10-15mg/l
51
wells score - low/mod/high risk
0 or less - low, 1 or 2 - mod, 3 or more - high
52
Abx active against MRSA
vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid,
53
most appropriate mx of suspected meningitis patient in the community
IM benzylpenicillin before hospital referral
54
meningitis in elderly - cause
staph aureus
55
meningitis in neonates - cause
GBS, listeria, E.coli,
56
meningitis in immunosuppressed - cause
mycobacterium TB, fungal meningitis (Cryptococcus, candida)
57
Abx tx of meningitis
IV ceftriaxone stat (2nd or 3rd gen cephalosporin), benzyl penicillin also used.
58
what abx additionally used in elderly with meningitis
amoxicillin - staph cover
59
what drug in addition to Abx should you prescribe in suspected bacterial meningitis
early use of corticosteroids (dexamethasone within 12h first abx dose)
60
meningitis prophylaxis (household and close contacts)
rifampicin or ciprofloxacin (ceftriaxone in pregnancy)
61
What is the common IE pathogen in patients with native valve?
strep viridans (also strep bovis, enterococci)
62
What is the common pathogen in patients with prosthetic valve?
staph aureus
63
What combination of antibiotics would you use to treat Strep viridans endocarditis
Benzylpenicillin and gentamicin
64
IE caused by staph tx?
flulox and rifampicin (For staph aureus add rifampicin as synergistic agent For others low dose gentamicin added as synergistic agent)
65
when is abx prophylaxis given for IE
after invasive procedures that carry risk of - valve replacement, if previous IE, valvular heart disease, HOCM,
66
what drug used for prophylaxis
amoxicillin 1h pre-procedure
67
how often is gentamycin given
OD for most infections, BD in IE
68
Aim trough levels for gentamycin
<1
69
what is a trough level
conc of drug before you give the next dose

CPTP 2.24-26 (1 decks)

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