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Computer Science Y10 > CPU architecture > Flashcards

CPU architecture Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What is a CPU and its function

A

-central processing unit responsible for executing functions

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2
Q

CPU VS GPU

A

GPU graphic processing unit
CPU central processing unit

-GPU is used for specialist task like graphic of the computer while CPU is more general

-GPU have a higher cache memory to process better graphics

-GPU handles parallel tasks while CPU handles single tasks so GPU will take higher energy

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3
Q

What is the FDE cycle

A

Fetch
(getting data from memory)

Decode
(Convert the data into binary format and understand the instruction)

Execute
(Performing the instruction)

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4
Q

What is the ALU

A

The arithmetic Logic Unit

Perform the instruction (Arithmetic and logical operation)
E in FDE

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5
Q

What is CU

A

Control unit
where the FDE cycle occurs
issues control signals within the cpu

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6
Q

What is clock

A

The frequencies at each electrical pulse are sent out and used to sync computer component

The faster the clock speed, the more information can be sent out and the faster the computer is

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7
Q

What are registers

A

-small amounts of high speed memory.
-contained within the CPU.

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8
Q

What are bus

A

Acts as a bridge from a processor and other component and connect the two so data can be exchange

It is the fetch in FDE cycle

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9
Q

Data bus

A

Carries data from processor and other component

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10
Q

Address bus

A

Carries the memory address of data from other component to CPU

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11
Q

Control bus

A

-responsible for transmitting control signals

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12
Q

What affect the speed of CPU

A

Clocking speed (overclocking)
Cache memory
Number of core
Size of Data bus

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13
Q

What is PC

A

Program counter
Points to the next instruction in FDE cycle

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14
Q

What is MAR

A

Memory address register
Holds the address of the instruction

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15
Q

What is MDR

A

Memory data register
Holds the data of the instruction

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16
Q

What is CIR

A

Current instruction register
Holds the current data and address of the instruction that is being executed

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17
Q

What is the ACC

A

Accumulation
Accumulates/holds the result of the cycle

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18
Q

What is the order of the Von Neuman Architecture

(Many People Make Marvellous Cakes Anyways)

A

Memory –> PC –> MAR –> MDR –> CIR –> ACC

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19
Q

Why is address bus unidirectional

A

as it only needs to transport data to the MAR

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20
Q

What is a microprocessor

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A

an integrated circuit that contains a CPU

21
Q

What is embedded system

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A

They are addition task added to a larger system to do a specific task

22
Q

What is meant by a low level language

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A

Close to the language processed by computers

e.g assemble language/machine code

23
Q

Why will a programmer choose to write in low level language

Study These Flashcards
A

Programming is faster

Faster to execute program

24
Q

What is the stored program concept

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A

The memory/result of the instruction is stored within the CPU

so instruction can be carried out faster

25
What are input device
Hardware that input data into the computer which is then processed in the computer
26
How does a barcode scanner work
Light reflect on white line and is absorbed in black. The scanner pick up the reflected light and read a value
27
What is Microphone
-input device that converts sound to electrical signals
28
What are the three type of touch screen
Capacitive Two layer of screen. Pressure cause electrical signal. Coordinate of the screen Disadvantage: Can't register touch if gloves Resistive Is placed on two layer of the screen. When a finger touches the screen, the two screen touch. Register touch. Cheap to produce Disadvantage: Can't register two touch Infrared A grid of infrared wave is disrupted. Coordinate is sent to computer to process
29
What are output device
They are hardware components that receive data from the computer and present the data in a understandable form for human
30
What is an actuator
Convert energy into physical motion and allow it to move basic instruction e.g Flaps in a valve or window opener
31
What is a speaker
Convert digital wave into analogue wave to play music
32
What are sensors
They are input device that detect changes in a environment Used to control and monitor a change
33
How do a sensor work
Capture an change and send data to the microprocessor which is then process. Convert from analogue to digital
34
How to answer a sensor question (8 Marker)
1) Sensor send data and number to microprocessor when it detect change 2) Data converted from analogue to digital 3) Processed by a microprocessor 4) Evidence 5) Evidence 6) Evidence 7) Output device is used to action (e.g actuator) 8) Whole process is continuous/repeated
35
What are primary storage memory device
CPU can directly access the memory inside primary storage Can access them faster
36
RAM
Random access memory Used to store data/instruction that is currently in use. Constantly being used/read/write
37
ROM
Read Only memory Used to store data that doesn't change and data that is required for the computer to run e.g BOIS (check if all hardware is present)
38
# volatile/nonv, price, speed, editable? Difference between RAM and ROM
RAM is: Volatile memory (doesn't save and will be remove if there isn't power) More expensive High speed than ROM Can both read/write ROM: Non volatile (Saved memory) Slower speed Cheaper Can only read
39
What are secondary memory storage
Secondary memory stored memory that won't be lose even when power is lose
40
Why do you not keep everything at secondary memory storage
Slower to access
41
Magnetic secondary storage device
Use magnetic (polarity) to store binary values Moving parts and stored on platters And is stored permanently
42
Solid state secondary storage device
-Solid state storage is a type of non-volatile media that uses electronic circuits to store binary 0s and 1s. -no moving parts
43
Optical secondary storage device
-a type of non-volatile media that uses lasers to burn the surface of a disk, creating pits and lands suitable for storing binary 0s and 1s
44
Why use SSD instead of HDD
More energy efficient Runs cooler so won't overheat Faster write/read speed to handle traffic Not as nosy as there isn't moving part
45
What are NIC
Network interface card Which provide access to the internet (wired/wireless)
46
What are Mac Address
Unique address for any device with access to the internet Use of network communication 12 hexadecimal digit and generally can't be changed
47
What are IP address
Internet Protocol Address unique set of numbers given to any device with access to internet
48
What is a router
-sends data packets between different networks

Computer Science Y10 (4 decks)

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