CR 1 anatomy

Question 1

The mediastinum starts at the ? and ends at the ?

Answer 1

thoracic inlet, diaphragm

Question 2

Where is the sternal angle

Answer 2

T4/5, 2nd rib

Question 3

Which out of inferior or superior mediastinum is divided into 3

Answer 3

inferior

Question 4

what are the 3 divisions of the inferior mediastinum

Answer 4

anterior
middle
posterior

Question 5

what is in the anterior mediastinum

Answer 5

bit of thymus, internal thoracic vessels, lymphatics: not much

Question 6

what is in the middle Mediastinum

Answer 6

heart/ pericardium

Question 7

what is in the posterior mediastinum and what level

Answer 7

oesophagus, descending aorta, azygous system, vagus nerve and sympathetic chain
T5-T12

NOTE: the oesophagus is anterior to the descending aorta).

Question 8

what is the pneumonic for superior mediastinum

Answer 8

TVATOS

thymus, veins, arteries, trachea, oseophagus, sympathetic trunk

Question 9

what are 4 branches of the subclavian artery

Answer 9

vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk

Question 10

describe the position of the vagus nerve

Answer 10

descends neck lateral to common carotid but medial to IJV, further down anterior to the subclavian

Question 11

what are the 2 branches of the vagus nerve, and what do they descend between

Answer 11

R and L recurrent pharyngeal

trachea and oesophagus

Question 12

what is the difference between R+L recurrent pharyngeal nerves

Answer 12

R: loops under R subclavian

L: loops under aortic arch

Question 13

vagus carries on downwards and wraps around what?

Answer 13

oesophagus

Question 14

what is the phrenic nerve rhyme

Answer 14

C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive

Question 15

the phrenic nerve is the most or least anterior our of thoracic nerves?

Answer 15

most

Question 16

where is the sympathetic trunk found

Answer 16

posterior chest wall, lateral to vertebral bodies

Question 17

grey rami go to all thoracic spinal nerves TRUE/FALSE

Answer 17

true

Question 18

the first 5 ganglia in the thorax give postganglionic fibres to what 4 things

Answer 18

heart, aorta, lungs, oesophagus

Question 19

the lower 8 ganglia in the thorax give preganglionic nerve fibres known as what ?

Answer 19

splanchnic nerves

Question 20

what nerve supplies foregut

Answer 20

greater splanchnic

T5-9

Question 21

what nerve supplies midgut

Answer 21

lesser splanchnic

T10-11

Question 22

what nerve supplies renals

Answer 22

least splanchnic

T12

Question 23

what supplies blood to thoracic wall (3)

Answer 23

descending aorta, subclavian artery, some vessels from axillary artery

Question 24

what does the internal thoracic artery come off

Answer 24

subclavian artery

Question 25

what does the internal thoracic artery supply

Answer 25

anterior intercostal arteries which anastomose with posterior IC arteries

Question 26

what do the posterior IC arteries come off

Answer 26

descending aorta BUT first 2 come off costocervical trunk

Question 27

the anterior intercostal vein drains into ? into ?

Answer 27

internal thoracic vein brachiocephalic vein

Question 28

posterior uses what venous drainage

Answer 28

azygos + hemiazygos

Question 29

R posterior IC vein drains into ? into ?

Answer 29

azygos vein, SVC

Question 30

L posterior IC vein drains into ? into ?

Answer 30

hemizygos vein (9-11 IC space) or accessory hemiazygos |(5-8IC space)

Question 31

where does hemizygos vein cross to azygos vein to SVC

Answer 31

T7/T8

Question 32

trachea bifurcation is called

Answer 32

carina (sternal angle/ transthoraic plane)

Question 33

how long is trachea

Answer 33

13cm

Question 34

trachea contains U shaped ?

Answer 34

hyaline cartilage

Question 35

where does trachea start and end

Answer 35

``` below larynx (C6) T4 ```

Question 36

how long is oesophagus

Answer 36

25cm

Question 37

oesophagus starts where and goes where

Answer 37

c6 as continuation of pharynx | goes into thorax

Question 38

the cisterna chyli is the start of what

Answer 38

thoracic duct

Question 39

where does the thoracic duct go•

Answer 39

• Ascends through diaphragm through opening for aorta | Crosses midline at T4/T5 and runs left of oesophagus up the root of the neck

Question 40

where does L coronary artery go

Answer 40

across the coronary groove

Question 41

LCA is divided into 2 branches

Answer 41

circumflex | left anterior descending

Question 42

circumflex of LCA goes where and has a branch called

Answer 42

follows the groove to the posterior part of the heart. Supplies the left atrium/ventricle. Left marginal: moves down left aspect of the heart- Left ventricle and apex of the heart.

Question 43

LAD

Answer 43

travels down the interventricular groove to the apex of the heart, where it turns around and anastomoses with the posterior interventricular artery. supplies anterior 2/3 of septum and anterior R and L ventricle

Question 44

where does coronary sinus run

Answer 44

from L to R in posterior part of coronary groove

Question 45

what are the branches of the coronary sinus

Answer 45

Great cardiac vein: goes into coronary sinus from the left: travels from the anterior interventricular groove (front side of heart) Left posterior interventricular vein: back of the heart, in the posterior interventricular groove. Left marginal vein: lies on the left side of the posterior surface Middle Cardiac Vein: right side of posterior surface. Anastomoses with great cardiac vein The small cardiac: veins runs along the right marginal artery.

Question 46

what does coronary sinus drain into

Answer 46

RA

Question 47

valve auscultation pneumonic

Answer 47

``` All= aortic Prostitutes= pulmonary Take= tricuspid Money= mitral ```