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SHS Science 10 (SK) > CR Unit: Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

CR Unit: Chemical Reactions Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

CR1

Chemical Reaction

A

Chemical change that involves the formation of new substances with new properties

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2
Q

CR1

Chemical Reaction

A

Chemical change that involves the formation of new substances with new properties

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3
Q

CR1

International Hazard System vs WHMIS System

A

International Hazard System:

  • The border shape around the symbol signifies the danger level of the hazard in the International Hazard System.
  • Only four symbols - poison, flammable. explosive, corrosive.

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS):

  • 10 symbols - flame, skull & crossbones, biohazardous, health hazard, flame over circle, exploding bomb, gas cylinder, corrosion, exclamation mark, environment.
  • Includes more detailed information on WHMIS label.
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4
Q

CR1

Endothermic Chemical Reaction

A

Type of chemical reaction where energy is ABSORBED from the surroundings

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5
Q

CR1

Energy can not be created or destroyed.

Energy is either…

A

Lost (released) or gained (absorbed)

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6
Q

CR1

Exothermic Chemical Reaction

A

Type of chemical reaction where energy is RELEASED to the surroundings

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7
Q

CR1

Five (5) Indicators of Chemical Reactions

A
  1. Colour Change
  2. Odour Change
  3. Formation of a precipitate (new solid substance)
  4. Gas Released
  5. Heat/Light released or absorbed
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8
Q

CR1

International Hazard System Symbols

A

Left To Right:

Corrosive DANGER

Corrosive WARNING

Corrosive CAUTION

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9
Q

CR1

International Hazard System Symbols

A

Left To Right:

Explosive DANGER

Explosive WARNING

Explosive CAUTION

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10
Q

CR1

International Hazard System Symbols

A

Left To Right:

Flammable DANGER

Flammable WARNING

Flammable CAUTION

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11
Q

CR1

International Hazard System Symbols

A

Left To Right:

Poison DANGER

Poison WARNING

Poison CAUTION

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12
Q

CR1

Indicators

A

Evidence that a chemical reaction might have taken place

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13
Q

CR1

Inferences

A

Explaining observations based on past experiences

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14
Q

CR1

MSDS stands for…

A

Material Safety Data Sheet

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15
Q

CR1

MSDS Sheets contain information in the following sections:

A
  1. Product information
  2. Hazardous Ingredients
  3. Physical Data
  4. Fire & Explosive Hazard
  5. Reactivity Data
  6. Toxicological Properties
  7. Preventive Measures
  8. First Aid Measures
  9. When It Was Made & Who To Contact for More Information
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16
Q

CR1

Observations

A

Collecting data using our senses

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17
Q

CR1

Products

A

Substances that form in a chemical reaction

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18
Q

CR1

Reactants

A

Substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction

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19
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Biohazardous

Biohazardous Infectious Materials

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20
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Corrosion

Serious Eye Damage

Skin Corrosion

Corrosive to Metals

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21
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Environment

Aquatic Toxicity

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22
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Exclamation Mark

Irritation (Skin/Eyes)

Skin Sensitization

Acute Toxicity (Harmful)

Specific Target Organ Organ Toxicity (drowziness, dizziness or respiratory irritation)

Hazardous to Ozone Layer

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23
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Exploding Bomb

Explosive

Self-Reactive (Severe)

Organic Peroxide (Severe)

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24
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

FLAME

Flammable

Self-Reactive

Pyrophoric

Self-Heating

Emits Flammable Gases When In Contact With Water

Organic Peroxide

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25
**CR1** WHMIS System
**Flame Over Circle** Oxidizer
26
**CR1** WHMIS System
**Gas Cylinder** Gas Under Pressure
27
**CR1** WHMIS System
**Health Hazard** Carcinogenicity Respiratory Sensitization Reproductive Toxicity Specific Target Organ Toxicity Germ Cell Mutagenicity Aspiration Hazard
28
**CR1** When are WHMIS labels used?
At school and every workplace where controlled chemicals are used.
29
**CR1** WHMIS Labels contain information in the following sections:
1. Product Identifier 2. Initial Supplier Identifier 3. Pictograms 4. Signal Word 5. Hazard Statements 6. Precautionary Statements 7. Supplemental Label Information
30
**CR1** WHMIS System
**Skull and Crossbones** Acute Toxicity (Fatal or Toxic)
31
**CR2** Anion
An atom that has gained electron(s) resulting in a NEGATIVE charge
32
**CR2** Balanced Chemical Equations
Represents the IDENTITIES and relative AMOUNTS of reactants and products in a chemical reaction; the total number of each TYPE of atom remains the same
33
**CR2** Binary Compound
A type of compound that contains two (2) DIFFERENT elements
34
**CR2** Cation
An atom that has lost electron(s) resulting in a POSITIVE charge
35
**CR2** Chemical Equation
Represents reactants and products in a chemical reaction using their symbols and formulas
36
**CR2** Covalent Bond
Type of bond formed by two or more atoms SHARING electron(s)
37
**CR2** Diatomic Molecule
A type of molecule that contains two (2) IDENTICAL elements; H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
38
**CR2** Ion
An atom that has become charged by gaining or losing electron(s)
39
**CR2** Ionic Bond
Type of bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom (metal) to another (non-metal)
40
**CR2** Ionic Compound
A neutral compound that consists of positive and negative ions held together by an ionic bond
41
**CR2** Law of Conservation of Mass
States that the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction
42
**CR2** Molecular Compound
A neutral compound composed of two (2) or more non-metals held together by covalent bonds
43
**CR2** Polyatomic Ion
An ion composed of two (2) or more non-metals bonded together covalently
44
**CR2** Scientific Law
A statement that summarizes a an observed pattern in nature FULLY proven
45
**CR2** Valence Electrons
Electron(s) located in the outermost (valence) shell of an atom; can be TRANSFERRED or SHARED with another atom
46
**CR2** Word Equation
Identifies reactants, products, and states of matter in a chemical reaction using names of the elements and compounds
47
**CR3** Combustion
Reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce oxides, light, and heat; most combustion reactions involve organic compounds
48
**CR3** Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds composed solely of HYDROGEN and CARBON atoms
49
**CR3** Incomplete Combustion
Occurs when there is NOT enough oxygen available to complete the full combustion reaction resulting in carbon monoxide being produced instead of or in addition to carbon dioxide; becomes a possibility when burning a hydrocarbon
50
**CR3** Organic Compounds
Molecular substances that contain carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides
51
**CR4** Catalyst
A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction when present but is not changed in the chemical reaction
52
**CR4** Collision Model
States that the number of effective collisions of reactant molecules affects the rate of a chemical reaction
53
**CR4** Controlling Variables In Experiments Is Done To...
Isolate factors that may influence a situation or event
54
**CR4** Hypothesizing Is...
Stating a tentative generalization that may explain events that can be tested with an experiment
55
**CR4** Impact Of Catalysts Being Present On Reaction Rate
Increases reaction rate and vice versa
56
**CR4** Impact Of Increase In Concentration On Reaction Rate
Increases reaction rate and vice versa
57
**CR4** Impact Of Increase In Pressure On Reaction Rate
Increases reaction rate and vice versa
58
**CR4** Impact Of Increase In Surface Area On Reaction Rate
Increases reaction rate and vice versa
59
**CR4** Impact Of Increase In Temperature On Reaction Rate
Increases reaction rate and vice versa
60
**CR4** Interpreting Data Is Based On...
Finding a pattern in a collection of data that leads to generalizations
61
**CR4** Rate of A Chemical Reaction = Reaction Rate
A measure of how quickly or slowly a reaction occurs
62
**CR4** Science Is Based On Evidence That...
Could be obtained by other people working in a different place and time under similar conditions
63
**CR4** Scientific Knowledge Is Based On...
Experimentation and observation
64
**CR4** Six (6) Factors Affecting Reaction Rate
1. Nature of the reactants 2. Temperature 3. Pressure 4. Concentration 5. Surface area 6. Presence or absence of a catalyst
65
**CR5** Acids
Substances with a pH LESS than 7 that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water; sour tasting, good conductors of electricity, turns blue litmus paper red, and reacts with bases to form salt and water
66
**CR5** Bases
Substances with a pH MORE than 7 that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water; bitter tasting, good conductors of electricity, feel slippery, turn red litmus paper blue, and reacts with acids to form salt and water
67
**CR5** Indicators
Substances that change color at specific pH levels
68
**CR5** Neutral Substance
A substance with a pH of 7 that is neither acidic or basic
69
**CR5** Neutralization
The reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water
70
**CR5** pH Scale
A scale that indicates the aciditiy or alkilinity of a solution; a change in one (1) level of pH on the scale indicates a TEN-FOLD change in acidity or alkilinity
71
**CR5** Salt
An ionic compound composed of a cation (+) from a base and an anion (-) from an acid
72
**CR5** The pH Scale Measures
The presence of hydrogen ions (H+)

SHS Science 10 (SK) (5 decks)

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