Crais Final Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
What is physical abuse?
A
Damage to tissues or bones by other than accidental means, discipline that leaves a mark.
2
Q
What constitutes sexual abuse?
A
Intercourse, oral sex, anal sex, exhibition, fondling, kissing with adults.
3
Q
What should be reported within the family?
A
Report to CAS (Children’s Aid Society).
4
Q
What should be reported outside the family?
A
Report to police.
5
Q
What is the Duty to Report?
A
Workers have a legal obligation to report suspected child abuse.
6
Q
What is neglect in the context of child abuse?
A
Parents fail to provide for basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing, medical care, supervision, education.
7
Q
What is emotional abuse and why is it hard to prove?
A
The hardest to prove, most prevalent; involves repeated criticism, lack of love, and hindering the development of self.
8
Q
List possible signs of child abuse.
A
- Arrives at school early and leaves late
- Doesn’t want to go home
- Compliant, shy, withdrawn
- Nervous, hyperactive, aggressive
- Unexplained injuries
- Complains about parent’s partner
- Goes to bathroom with difficulty
- Inadequately dressed for weather
- Wears long sleeves in summer
9
Q
What are signs of abusive caregivers?
A
- Shows little concern for child’s problems
- Takes long to seek health care
- Gives different explanations for injuries
- Complains about irrelevant problems
- Blames a third party
10
Q
What are signs of abusive parents?
A
- Reluctant to share information
- Uses alcohol or drugs
- Has no support network
- Very strict disciplinarians
- Were abused as children
11
Q
What are presumptive indicators of child sexual abuse?
A
- Direct reports from children
- Pregnancy
- Preadolescent venereal disease
- Genital bruises or injuries
12
Q
What is Shaken Baby Syndrome?
A
A serious brain injury from forcefully shaking an infant, also known as abusive head trauma.
13
Q
What is the Child Abuse Accommodation Syndrome?
A
A model explaining how children may not report abuse due to their compliant nature and the grooming process by the abuser.
14
Q
List the 5 stages of the Child Abuse Accommodation Syndrome.
A
- Abuse
- Secrecy
- Accommodation
- Disclosure
- Suppression
15
Q
What are some interventions for an abused child?
A
- Must report
- Provide a safe atmosphere
- Educate parents
- Play therapy, family therapy
16
Q
What interventions may be needed for adults sexually abused as children?
A
- Long-term therapy
- Psychiatric assessment
- Support groups
- Specialized books
17
Q
What are the intervention goals for perpetrators of sexual abuse?
A
- Take full responsibility
- Control behavior
- Express feelings of shame, fear, anger, guilt
18
Q
What defines bullying?
A
Aggressive behavior intended to cause distress or harm, occurring repeatedly over time.
19
Q
What is cyberbullying?
A
Online bullying involving hurtful messages, rumors, threats, and sharing unflattering pictures.
20
Q
What percentage of Canadian parents have at least one child that has been a victim of bullying?
A
47%.
21
Q
Who is at risk of being bullied?
A
- Those with few friends
- Those with disabilities
- Overweight children
- LGBTQ2S+ children
22
Q
List intervention strategies for bullying.
A
- Schoolwide climate discouraging bullying
- Survey students
- Train staff
- Develop consistent rules
- Discuss bullying in classes
23
Q
What hotline can be called for help regarding bullying?
A
1-800-668-6868 for Kids Help Phone.
24
Q
What should be done to support affected children and families?
A
- Keep them safe
- Encourage resilience
- Educate on the offender’s issues
25
What responsibilities do parents of offenders have?
* Learn disciplinary steps
* Place responsibility on the offender
* Explore parenting practices
26
What is the definition of rape?
Forced sexual intercourse including psychological coercion and physical force
## Footnote
Could include vaginal, anal, or oral penetration. Federal offence.
27
What percentage of reported rapes are committed by men?
Over 90%
## Footnote
Very few men report rape.
28
What constitutes sexual assault?
Wide range of victimizations including unwanted sexual contact, attacks or attempted attacks
## Footnote
May or may not involve force.
29
What is Sexual Assault Level 1 as per the Criminal Code of Canada?
An assault committed in circumstances of a sexual nature that violates the sexual integrity of the victim
## Footnote
Involves minor physical injuries or no injuries.
30
What is Sexual Assault Level 2?
Sexual assault with a weapon, threats, or causing bodily harm.
31
What is aggravated sexual assault?
Sexual assault resulting in wounding, maiming, disfiguring, or endangering the life of the victim.
32
List some emotional effects of sexual assault.
* PTSD
* Depression
* Dissociation
* Substance abuse
* Emotional and psychological effects: anger, distrust, feeling violated.
33
List some physical effects of sexual assault.
* Bruising
* Bleeding
* Soreness
* Broken bones
* STIs
* Pregnancy.
34
What is the ABC Model for interventions with a rape victim?
* A: Achieving contact
* B: Boiling down the problem to basics
* C: Coping.
35
What does the 'A' in the ABC Model stand for?
Achieving contact.
36
What is the peak age range for victimization in date and acquaintance rape?
16- to 24-year-olds.
37
What percentage of Ontario university students experienced non-consensual sexual contact according to the 2018 survey?
23%.
38
What is intimate partner violence?
A long history of tolerance of abuse of women, often hidden and unreported.
39
What did the founders of Toronto’s Interval House achieve?
They opened the first shelter for abused women and children in Canada.
40
What is battered woman syndrome?
A type of PTSD resulting from violence perpetrated against a victim, now referred to as Intimate Partner Violence.
41
True or False: Only women suffer intimate partner violence.
False.
42
List reasons why victims may stay in abusive relationships.
* Fear of escalation
* Religious beliefs
* Economic dependency
* Lack of resources.
* Belief children need both parents.
43
What are the stages of the cycle of violence?
* Honeymoon
* Tension building
* Explosive.
44
What is learned helplessness in the context of battered woman syndrome?
Self-destructive coping responses to violence.
45
What are the goals of intervention for intimate partner violence?
* Education
* Reframing
* Empowerment
* Support.
46
What is gaslighting?
The act of manipulating another person into doubting their perceptions or understanding of events.
47
What should be documented in cases of partner abuse?
Accurate medical records of the violence.
48
What are some behaviors that maintain power and control in abusive relationships?
* Intimidation
* Isolation
* Emotional abuse
* Economic abuse
* Sexual abuse.
49
List the special populations in Canada that should be researched regarding violence incidence.
* Women
* LGBTQ2S+ Community
* Immigrant and Refugee Population
* Indigenous Peoples.
50
What is the definition of rape?
Forced sexual intercourse including psychological coercion and physical force
## Footnote
Could include vaginal, anal, or oral penetration. Federal offence.
51
What percentage of reported rapes are committed by men?
Over 90%
## Footnote
Very few men report rape.
52
What constitutes sexual assault?
Wide range of victimizations including unwanted sexual contact, attacks or attempted attacks
## Footnote
May or may not involve force.
53
What is Sexual Assault Level 1 as per the Criminal Code of Canada?
An assault committed in circumstances of a sexual nature that violates the sexual integrity of the victim
## Footnote
Involves minor physical injuries or no injuries.
54
What is Sexual Assault Level 2?
Sexual assault with a weapon, threats, or causing bodily harm.
55
What is aggravated sexual assault?
Sexual assault resulting in wounding, maiming, disfiguring, or endangering the life of the victim.
56
List some emotional effects of sexual assault.
* PTSD
* Depression
* Dissociation
* Substance abuse
* Emotional and psychological effects: anger, distrust, feeling violated.
57
List some physical effects of sexual assault.
* Bruising
* Bleeding
* Soreness
* Broken bones
* STIs
* Pregnancy.
58
What is the ABC Model for interventions with a rape victim?
* A: Achieving contact
* B: Boiling down the problem to basics
* C: Coping.
59
What does the 'A' in the ABC Model stand for?
Achieving contact.
60
What is the peak age range for victimization in date and acquaintance rape?
16- to 24-year-olds.
61
What percentage of Ontario university students experienced non-consensual sexual contact according to the 2018 survey?
23%.
62
What is intimate partner violence?
A long history of tolerance of abuse of women, often hidden and unreported.
63
What did the founders of Toronto’s Interval House achieve?
They opened the first shelter for abused women and children in Canada.
64
What is battered woman syndrome?
A type of PTSD resulting from violence perpetrated against a victim, now referred to as Intimate Partner Violence.
65
True or False: Only women suffer intimate partner violence.
False.
66
List reasons why victims may stay in abusive relationships.
* Fear of escalation
* Religious beliefs
* Economic dependency
* Lack of resources.
* Belief children need both parents.
67
What are the stages of the cycle of violence?
* Honeymoon
* Tension building
* Explosive.
68
What is learned helplessness in the context of battered woman syndrome?
Self-destructive coping responses to violence.
69
What are the goals of intervention for intimate partner violence?
* Education
* Reframing
* Empowerment
* Support.
70
What is gaslighting?
The act of manipulating another person into doubting their perceptions or understanding of events.
71
What should be documented in cases of partner abuse?
Accurate medical records of the violence.
72
What are some behaviors that maintain power and control in abusive relationships?
* Intimidation
* Isolation
* Emotional abuse
* Economic abuse
* Sexual abuse.
73
List the special populations in Canada that should be researched regarding violence incidence.
* Women
* LGBTQ2S+ Community
* Immigrant and Refugee Population
* Indigenous Peoples.
74
What is the primary focus of military culture regarding mental health problems?
Mental health problems are seen as a source of weakness
## Footnote
This perception can hinder service members from seeking help.
75
What are some invisible wounds related to veterans?
* Depression
* Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
* Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
## Footnote
These conditions are often overlooked and can significantly impact veterans' lives.
76
What historical term was used for PTSD during World War II?
Shell shock
## Footnote
This term reflects the early understanding of psychological trauma in military contexts.
77
What is the Persian Gulf syndrome?
* Muscle aches
* Joint pain
* Dizziness
* Memory lapses
* Headaches
* Fatigue
* Insomnia
## Footnote
These symptoms can arise from service in the Persian Gulf.
78
What percentage of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members reported high job satisfaction?
64.8%
## Footnote
Job satisfaction rates varied by age and member type.
79
What is an operational stress injury (OSI)?
Any persistent psychological difficulty resulting from operational duties performed while serving in the Canadian Armed Forces
## Footnote
OSIs can include PTSD, depression, and anger issues.
80
What treatment approaches are effective for PTSD?
* Education and normalization
* Counseling
* Cognitive-behavioral therapy
* Prolonged exposure therapy
* Family therapy
* Group therapy
* Medication
* Alternative therapies (e.g., acupuncture)
## Footnote
These methods aim to address various aspects of PTSD.
81
True or False: The suicide rate among Regular Force males in Army combat arms is lower than that of other occupations.
False
## Footnote
The suicide rate for this group is significantly higher.
82
What issues do families of veterans face during and after deployment?
* Secondary traumatization
* Increase in emotional and behavioral difficulties for children
* Higher rates of domestic violence
* Unemployment
* Financial debt
## Footnote
These challenges can affect family dynamics and stability.
83
What is Operation HONOUR?
A strategy aimed at eliminating sexual assaults in the military
## Footnote
It focuses on awareness, support for victims, and improving leadership responses.
84
Fill in the blank: The most common type of sexual assault reported among Regular Force members is _______.
sexual touching
## Footnote
This category had the highest reported incidents in recent surveys.
85
What did the Canadian Armed Forces identify as needing attention in their culture change initiative?
* Service to the mission
* Warrior identity
* Leadership
* Teamwork
## Footnote
These elements were highlighted after extensive consultations.
86
What factors contribute to the increased risk of suicide among veterans?
* Combat exposure
* Mental health conditions (e.g., PTSD)
* Occupational stress
## Footnote
Addressing these factors is crucial for veteran support.
87
What is a common consequence of alcohol misuse among veterans?
Decrease in overall functional health
## Footnote
This can lead to increased risk of suicidality and aggression.
88
What therapy focuses on acceptance and commitment in treating PTSD?
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
## Footnote
ACT helps individuals to be present and align actions with values.
89
What is the role of the Operational Stress Injury Social Support (OSISS) program?
To provide support for individuals dealing with operational stress injuries
## Footnote
The program includes peer support and emphasizes confidentiality.
90
What are common feelings experienced by college-enrolled veterans?
* Feeling alone
* Possibly unaware of TBI
* Concerned about sharing personal experiences
## Footnote
These feelings can hinder their adjustment to civilian life.
91
What is the DSM 5 definition of PTSD?
PTSD is identified as an Acute Stress Disorder, characterized by intrusion symptoms, negative mood, dissociative symptoms, avoidance symptoms, arousal symptoms, and impairment in functioning due to exposure or experiencing death, serious injury, or sexual violation.
92
What are the symptoms of PTSD?
* Intrusion symptoms
* Negative mood
* Dissociative symptoms
* Avoidance symptoms
* Arousal symptoms
93
What are the phases of community disaster?
* Heroic
* Honeymoon
* Disillusionment
* Reconstruction
94
Differentiate between man-made disasters and natural disasters.
Man-made disasters include terrorist attacks, while natural disasters include landslides, floods, and hurricanes.
95
What is trauma-informed care?
* Actively resists re-traumatization
* Understands potential paths for recovery
* Recognizes signs and symptoms of trauma
* Integrates knowledge about trauma into policies and practices
96
What factors should crisis workers consider in trauma-informed care?
* Safety
* Trustworthiness
* Choice
* Collaboration
* Empowerment
97
List some causes of PTSD.
* Sudden death of a loved one
* Witnessing a car accident
* Being kidnapped
* Vandalism of personal property
* Home burglary
* Robbery at gunpoint
* Personal or family victimization
* Experiencing natural or man-made disasters
* Gun violence
* Bullying
* Sexual or physical assault
* Combat
98
What are some effects of trauma on young children?
* Returning to earlier behavior
* Clinging to parents
* Nightmares
* Fantasies that the disaster never happened
* Crying and screaming
* Withdrawing
* Refusing to attend school
* Problems with concentration
99
What issues are commonly associated with natural disasters?
* Blame
* Lack of material resources
* Dealing with insurance
* Helplessness
100
What interventions can be included in community support after a disaster?
* Relief funds
* Red Cross assistance
* Creating a safe community
101
What is the purpose of disaster mental health interventions?
To stabilize, support, and normalize people in an effort to strengthen their coping and prevent long-term damage.
102
What approaches are commonly used to treat PTSD?
* Education of survivors and families
* Cognitive-behavioral techniques
* Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
* Group therapy
* Medication
103
What is secondary PTSD?
Secondary PTSD includes compassion fatigue, depression, and learned helplessness due to excessive exposure to serious illness or crisis states.
104
Fill in the blank: Hypervigilance is a state of preparedness and _______ after experiencing a traumatic event.
[anxiety]
105
True or False: Gun violence can be a cause of PTSD.
True
106
What are Erikson's psychosocial stages?
Stages of development that outline central concerns across different life phases.
## Footnote
They include trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame and doubt, initiative vs guilt, and others.
107
What is the central concern in the stage of 'Trust vs mistrust'?
Sensing that the world is safe and I can trust others.
108
What is the central concern in the stage of 'Autonomy vs shame and doubt'?
Knowing that I can act on my own and be independent.
109
What is the central concern in the stage of 'Initiative vs guilt'?
Planning and doing new things and managing my failures.
110
What is the central concern in the stage of 'Industry vs inferiority'?
Learning basic competencies and comparing myself favourably with others.
111
What is the central concern in the stage of 'Identity vs identity confusion'?
Integrating my roles into a single, consistent identity.
112
What is the central concern in the stage of 'Intimacy vs isolation'?
Sharing myself deeply without fear of losing my identity.
113
What is the central concern in the stage of 'Generativity vs stagnation'?
Contributing to others and society through my offspring and productive work.
114
What is the central concern in the stage of 'Integrity vs despair'?
Appraising my life in a way that allows me to appreciate its significance and meaning.
115
What does Family Systems Theory suggest about change?
Change causes anxiety and affects the entire family.
116
In Family Systems Theory, what is meant by 'homeostasis'?
A balance between change and stability within the family.
117
What is a 'Closed System' in terms of family boundaries?
A family with rigid boundaries with the outside world.
118
What is an 'Open System' in terms of family boundaries?
A family with more permeable boundaries.
119
What characterizes an 'Enmeshed' family?
Diffuse and open interpersonal boundaries.
120
What characterizes a 'Disengaged' family?
Family members are not emotionally involved with one another.
121
What are the normal stages a family experiences as it evolves?
Marital subsystem, parental subsystem, sibling subsystems, grandparent subsystem.
122
What is cultural humility?
Acknowledging and considering ethnicity, religious affiliation, gender, and race.
123
Fill in the blank: Etic refers to behaviors and traditions that exist in all or most humans regardless of _______.
[race, ethnicity, or culture]
124
Fill in the blank: Emic refers to behaviors and traditions particular to a certain _______.
[cultural group]
125
What is a key characteristic of African-American families regarding religion?
Important history as slaves found solace in God.
126
What is a key characteristic of Asian-American family structure?
Males are respected, and the oldest son is privileged.
127
What are some key values in Algonquin culture?
* Treat the Earth with respect
* Show respect for fellow beings
* Dedicate efforts to the greater good
128
True or False: Families' behaviors can be best explained in a linear causality.
False
