Cranial Cavity

Question 1

What are emissary veins and what is their path?

Answer 1

Blood vessels in the scalp that pass through the skull to drain into the dural venous sinuses.

Question 2

Where are diploid veins located?

Answer 2

Within the inner spongy layer of the skull

Question 3

What are the important emissary veins?

Answer 3

Parietal, mastoid, occipital, condylar, superior ophthalmic, and inferior ophthalmic veins

Question 4

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

Answer 4

Periosteal layer and meningeal layer

Question 5

What structure forms when the layers of the dura mater separate?

Answer 5

Dural Venous Sinuses

Question 6

What structures do the layers of the dura form when they rejoin?

Answer 6

Dural Partitions (folds)

Question 7

What dural partition separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 7

Falx Cerebri

Question 8

What are the attachment points of the structure that separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 8

crista galli, midline of the calvaria, and the internal occipital protuberance

Question 9

What dural sinuses are associated with the falx cerebri?

Answer 9

Superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, and straight sinuses

Question 10

What dural partition covers the top of the cerebellar hemispheres?

Answer 10

Tentorum Cerebelli

Question 11

What are the anterior, lateral, and posterior attachments of the partition separating the cerebellar hemispheres?

Answer 11

Anterior: Posterior Clinoid Process
Lateral: Temporal Bone
Posterior: Occipital Bone

Question 12

What sinuses are associated with the tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 12

Straight Sinus and Transverse Sinus

Question 13

(T/F) The tentorium cerebella becomes continuous with the falx cerebra along the midline.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What partition is an incomplete roof that covers the pituitary?

Answer 14

Diaphragma Sellae

Question 15

The roof of the diaphragm sellae is incomplete allowing the stalk of __________ (structure) to reach the _____________ (structure)

Answer 15

Hypophysis; Hypothalamus

Question 16

What sinus is associated with the diaphragma sellae?

Answer 16

Intercavernous Sinus

Question 17

What is the major blood supply to the dura?

Answer 17

Middle Meningeal Arteries

Question 18

Where do the middle meningeal arteries branch from?

Answer 18

From the maxillary artery, which is a branch off the external carotid

Question 19

What foramen do the middle meningeal arteries pass?

Answer 19

Foramen Spinosum

Question 20

What cranial nerve innervates the dura?

Answer 20

CN 5 (Trigeminal)

Question 21

What branch of CN 5 gives the most significant contribution, traveling through the _____________ (foramen) along with what other structure?

Answer 21

V3 (mandibular); foramen spinosum; middle meningeal artery

Question 22

Trauma to the __________ (area of skull) can potentially fracture and rupture ___________ (vessel).

Answer 22

Pterion; middle meningeal artery

Question 23

What substance does the subarachnoid space contain?

Answer 23

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 24

In relation to the meninges, where is the subarachnoid space?

Answer 24

Between the arachnoid and the pia mater

Question 25

What structures connect the inner arachnoid membrane to the pia mater?

Answer 25

arachnoid trabeculae

Question 26

Where is CSF synthesized and where does it enter the subarachnoid space?

Answer 26

Choroid Plexus; 4th Ventricle

Question 27

"_____________ (structure) bunch together to form arachnoid granulations, which punch their way through the dura, allowing CSF to drain through the ____________(structure) into the venous blood in the ____________(sinus)."

Answer 27

Arachnoid villi; arachnoid membrane; superior sagittal sinus

Question 28

What type of hemorrhage occurs between the skull and the periosteal layer of dura?

Answer 28

Extradural Hematoma

Question 29

What is the clinical presentation of an extradural hematoma?

Answer 29

Head trauma > brief period of unconsciousness > lucid phase > rapid deterioration and coma

Question 30

What vessel is usually ruptured in a extradural hematoma?

Answer 30

Middle Meningeal Artery

Question 31

Where does a subdural hematoma form?

Answer 31

Between the dura and the arachnoid

Question 32

What vessel are affected in a subdural hematoma?

Answer 32

Cerebral beins (bridging vins) as their enter the venous sinuses

Question 33

Where does a subarachnoid hemorrhage occur?

Answer 33

Within the subarachnoid space

Question 34

What is the clinical sign of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Answer 34

Blood in the CSF

Question 35

What vessel tears in a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Answer 35

Cerebral Arteries

Question 36

Associate the hemorrhage with the shape on a CT scan 1. Extradural Hematoma a. Crescent-shaped 2. Subdural Hematoma b. shapeless mass 3. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage c. Lens-shaped

Answer 36

1. c 2. a 3. b

Question 37

The __________ (structure) separates the anterior and middle fossa, while the __________ (structure) separates the middle and posterior fossa

Answer 37

Lesser wing of sphenoid; petrous crest of temporal bone

Question 38

What cranial components are within the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossa, respectively?

Answer 38

Anterior: Frontal lobes Middle: Temporal Lobes and Pituitary Gland Posterior: Occipital Lobes, Cerebellum, and Brainstem

Question 39

What structure is jeopardized if the pituitary gland has a tumor?

Answer 39

Optic Chiasm

Question 40

What foramen in the skull is filled with cartilage?

Answer 40

Foramen Lacerum