Cranial Cavity

Question 1

layers of the scalp

Answer 1

skin
connective tissue
aponeurosis
loose connective tissue
pericranium

Question 2

innervation of occipital-frontalis m.

Answer 2

CN VII

Question 3

innervation of temporalis m.

Answer 3

CN V3

Question 4

neurocranium bones

Answer 4

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
sphenoid
ethmoid

Question 5

viscerocranium bones

Answer 5

nasal
maxillary
zygomatic
mandibular
vomer
ethmoid
lacrimal
inferior nasal concha

Question 6

Which artery is susceptible to damage through a pterion fracture?

Answer 6

middle meningeal a.

Question 7

Which is more anterior: groove for greater petrosal n. or groove for lesser petrosal n.?

Answer 7

groove for LESSER petrosal n.

Question 8

Which m. originates from the scaphoid fossa

Answer 8

tensor veli palatini

Question 9

Which n. travels through the pterotympanic fissure?

Answer 9

Chorda tympani (br. of facial n.)

Question 10

Which n. travels through the tympanic canaliculus?

Answer 10

Tympanic n.

Question 11

Which n. travels through the vidian canal?

Answer 11

vidian n.

Question 12

2 parts of the dura mater

Answer 12

cranial dura

spinal dura

Question 13

2 layers of the cranial dura

Answer 13

periosteal outer layer

meningeal inner layer

Question 14

4 dural partitions in the brain

Answer 14

falx cerebri
falx cerebelli
tentorium cerebelli
diaphragma sellae

Question 15

falx cerebri

Answer 15

separates cerebral hemispheres

Question 16

falx cerebelli

Answer 16

lies between cerebellar hemispheres

Question 17

tentorium cerebelli

Answer 17

separates occipital lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Question 18

diaphragma sellea

Answer 18

lies over the pituitary gland

Question 19

emissary veins

Answer 19

drain blood from scalp

Question 20

diploid veins

Answer 20

drain blood from bone

Question 21

granular foveola

Answer 21

impressions on calvaria made by arachnoid granulations

Question 22

dural venous sinuses

Answer 22

endothelial lined spaces between meningeal and periosteal layers of dura.

drain blood to IJV.

Question 23

______ veins cross the subdural space

Answer 23

BRIDGING veins cross the subdural space

Question 24

Path of superior sagittal sinus drainage to IJV

Answer 24

superior sagittal sinus –> confluence of sinuses –> R transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV

Question 25

Path of inferior sagittal sinus drainage to IJV

Answer 25

inferior sagittal sinus --> straight sinus --> confluence of sinuses --> L transverse sinus --> sigmoid sinus --> IJV

Question 26

Path of occipital sinus drainage to IJV

Answer 26

occipital sinus --> confluence of sinuses --> L transverse sinus --> sigmoid sinus --> IJV

Question 27

the cavernous sinus drains into which 2 sinuses?

Answer 27

superior petrosal sinus | inferior petrosal sinus

Question 28

Path of inferior petrosal sinus to IJV

Answer 28

inferior petrosal sinus --> sigmoid sinus --> IJV

Question 29

Path of superior petrosal sinus to IJV

Answer 29

superior petrosal sinus --> transverse sinus --> sigmoid sinus --> IJV

Question 30

``` cavernous sinuses (location, structures they drain?) ```

Answer 30

paired dural venous sinuses found on either side of sella turcica drain the orbit, anterior aspect of the brain, and sphenoparietal sinus

Question 31

contents of cavernous sinuses

Answer 31

internal carotid a. + surrounding sympathetic plexus ``` CN III CN IV CN V1,V2 CN VI ^embedded in lateral wall of sinus ```

Question 32

cavernous sinus thrombosis | signs/sx

Answer 32

``` pain conjunctival chemosis proptosis ptosis (CNIII) dilated pupil (CNIII) corneal reflex lost (CNV1) double vision facial sensory loss opthalmoplegia (CNIII, CNIV, CNVI) ```

Question 33

cavernous sinus thrombosis tx

Answer 33

vigorous and early use of anticoagulants abx drainange and elimination of infection

Question 34

Innervation of dura mater is via

Answer 34

br. of CN V and spinal nerves C2 and C3

Question 35

innervation of anterior cranial fossa dura

Answer 35

CN V1 CN V2 CN V3

Question 36

innervation of the middle cranial fossa dura

Answer 36

CN V2 | CN V3

Question 37

innervation of the posterior cranial fossa dura floor

Answer 37

C2 and C3

Question 38

innervation of posterior cranial fossa dura roof (tentorium)

Answer 38

tentorial n. | CN V1

Question 39

innervation of posterior falx cerebri dura

Answer 39

tentorial n. | CN V1

Question 40

innervation of anterior falx cerebri dura

Answer 40

anterior meningeal n. | CN V1

Question 41

Which vessels run through the arachnoid mater?

Answer 41

NONE. All cerebral a. lie in the subarachnoid space

Question 42

arachnoid granulations

Answer 42

small projections to venous sinuses to drain CSF

Question 43

pia mater

Answer 43

vascular layer that is adherent to brain surface extends w/ cerebral sulk and covers gyri

Question 44

arachnoid trabeculae

Answer 44

connect arachnoid mater to pia mater helps suspend brain

Question 45

extracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 45

bleeding between bony calvarium and the soft tissue of the brain increases intracranial pressure

Question 46

epidural hematoma

Answer 46

blood contained between dura and inner table of skull commonly develop in temporal and parietal regions source of bleeding is usually middle meningeal a. sx: initial lucid interval, HA, vomiting, clear fluid from nose/mouth, loss of consciousness 3-8 hr later

Question 47

subdural hematoma

Answer 47

blood contained between brain parenchyma and dural membranes elderly at risk (age --> atrophy /smaller vol of cerebral cortex --> inc space in subdural compartment --> stretch on bridging v. between skull and cerebral surface inc ICP --> unconsciousness/death appears as CONCAVE LENS

Question 48

subarachnoid hematoma

Answer 48

blood between arachnoid and pia mater (via birth trauma/ hypoxic injury/aneurysm rupture) blood can obstruct CSF reabsorption --> inc ICP w/ hydrocephalus tx: ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Question 49

circle of Willis is a part of ______ circulation

Answer 49

circle of Willis is a part of CEREBRAL circulation

Question 50

Berry aneurysm commonly occurs in which a.s?

Answer 50

anterior cerebral a. | anterior communicating a.

Question 51

paranasal sinuses

Answer 51

mucosa-lined, air-filled - reduces weight of skill - enhance resonance of voice - warm/humidify inspired air - absorb shock - contribute to facial growth

Question 52

sinusitis causes

Answer 52

common cold allergic rhinitis nasal polyps deviated septum

Question 53

What accounts for up to 40% of all maxillary sinusitis cases?

Answer 53

odontogenic sinusitis