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PNS > Cranial Nerve 2. > Flashcards

Cranial Nerve 2. Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers make up the eye?

A

3

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2
Q

What are the layers of the eye?

A
  1. Fibrous Tunic
  2. Vascular Tunic
  3. Retina
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3
Q

What is everything in the Fibrous Tunic?

A

Sclera-white part

Cornea- clear; primary refractory structure

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4
Q

What is all in the Vascular Tunic?

A
  1. Ciliary body
  2. Iris
  3. Choroid
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5
Q

How many layers are in the Retina?

A

10

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6
Q

What are the layers of the Retina?

A
  1. Pigmented layer
  2. Photosensitive outer segment
  3. External limiting layer
  4. Outer nuclear layer
  5. Outer plexiform layer
  6. Inner nuclear layer
  7. Inner. Plexiform layer
  8. Ganglion layer
  9. Nerve fiber layer
  10. Internal limiting membrane
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7
Q

What layer is adjacent to the choroid

A

Pigmented layer

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8
Q

What layer has segments of rods and cones?

A

Photosensitive outer segments

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9
Q

What layer contains cell bodies of rods and cones?

A

Outer nuclear layer

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10
Q

What layer does rods and cones synapse with bipolar cells?

A

Outer plexiform layer

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11
Q

What layer contains cell bodies of bipolar cells

A

Inner nuclear layer

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12
Q

What layer has bipolar cells synapsids with ganglion cells?

A

Inner plexiform layer

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13
Q

What layer has ganglion cell bodies here?

A

Ganglion cell layer?

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14
Q

What layer is a glial boundary separating the Retina from the vitreous body?

A

Internal limiting membrane

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15
Q

True or False

The proximal end of the photoreceptor is either cylindrical or tapered?

A

False

Distal end

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16
Q

What is the other word for rod shaped?

A

Cylindrical

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17
Q

What is the other name for cone shaped?

A

Tapered

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18
Q

What are the three colors that cones receive?

A

Red, Green, and Blue

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19
Q

What do cones require to function at their best?

A

Require adequate light

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20
Q

True or False

Cones are most concentrated near the fovea

A

True

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21
Q

What is the job of rods

A

Sense light vs. dark

22
Q

What area in the eye is completely composed of rods

A

Periphery of Retina

23
Q

True or False

Rods are concentrated near center of fovea?

A

False

24
Q

Where do polarized photoreceptors relay information?

A

To bipolar cells

Synapsing in outer plexiform layer

25
Q

What does bipolar cells relay information to?

A

Ganglion cells

By synapsing in the inner plexiform layer

26
Q

Nerves from nerve fiber layer relay information toward what structure?

A

Optic Disc

27
Q

What nerve are axons carried in when they leave the eyeball?

A

Optic Nerve

28
Q

What canal does the optic nerve travel thru when entering the skull?

A

Optic canal

29
Q

When the 2 optic nerves unite what do they form?

A

Optic chiasma?

30
Q

True or False

The optic nerve is myelinated.

A

True

31
Q

What cells myelinated the optic nerve?

A

Interfasicular oligodendrocytes

32
Q

In the optic chiasma what side of the Retina will cross?

A

Medial side

Nasal

33
Q

In the optic chiasma what side of the Retina will not cross?

A

Lateral side

34
Q

When the 2 optic nerves split up again they form what?

A

Optic tract

35
Q

What structure does the optic tract travel around to get to one of the nuclei of termination?

A

Cerebral peduncles

36
Q

What are the nuclei of termination for C.N.2?

A
  1. Lateral Geniculate Body
  2. Sup. Colliculus
  3. Pretectal nucleus of the midbrain
37
Q

Where does the majority of the optic tract information go to terminate?

A

The lateral geniculate body

38
Q

Where does the lateral geniculate body relay information to?

A

Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe

39
Q

What brdmn area does the lateral geniculate body send information to?

A

17

40
Q

Where does the Sup. Collicus relay information to?

A

Tectospinal tract

41
Q

What muscles are influenced by the tectospinal tract?

A
  1. SCM

2. Trapezius

42
Q

Nuclei of termination is for sensory or motor

A

Sensory

43
Q

Nuclei of origin is for sensory or motor?

A

Motor

44
Q

Pretectal nuclues of the midbrain deal with what?

A

Light reflexes

45
Q

How many neurons are in the C.N.2 pathway?

A

4

5 if counting the relay neuron

46
Q

What the signs and symptoms associated with a lesion of the optic nerve?

A

Loss of depth perception

47
Q

What are the signs and symptoms associated with a lesion of the optic chiasma?

A

Tunnel vision

48
Q

What are the signs and symptoms associated with a lesion in the optic tract?

A

Loss of 1/2 the visual field

49
Q

What is the process of the direct and consensual light reflex?

A

Shine light in one eye having a piece of paper at the bridge of their nose so other eye does not see this light
Ipsilateral eye constricts
Contralateral eye constricts (just not as much)

50
Q

What is the accommodation reflex?

A

When you look at something near you like a book, then look up at something far away out a window
(Accomadation of near vision to far vision)

51
Q

What is the process of the corneal reflex?

A

Use a cotton ball and touch the eye.

Patient should pull away

52
Q

What is convergence?

A

Eyes both moving medially

PNS (7 decks)

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