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Neuro > Cranial nerves 0425 > Flashcards

Cranial nerves 0425 Flashcards

1
Q

medial location at brain stem

A

III, VI, XII

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2
Q

pineal gland

A

melatonin secretion, circadian rhythm

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3
Q

superior colliculi

A

EYES - conjugate vertical gaze center

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4
Q

inferior colliculi

A

EARS - auditory center

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5
Q

lesion of superior colliculus

A

PARINAUD SYNDROME.
paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze.
ex: pinealoma

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6
Q

CN I olfactory

A

smell

*only CN without thalamic relay to cortex

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7
Q

CN II optic

A

sight

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8
Q

CN III oculomotor

A

eye movement (SR, IR, MR, IO).
pupillary constriction (e-w nucleus, muscarinic R).
accommodation.
eye lid opening (levator palpebrae).

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9
Q

CN IV trochlear

A

eye movement (SO)

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10
Q

CN V trigeminal

A 
mastication.
facial sensation (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular divisions).
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11
Q

CN VI abducens

A

eye movement (LR)

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12
Q

CN VII facial

A 
facial movement.
taste from ant 2/3 tongue.
lacrimation.
salivation (submand and sublingual glands).
eyelid closing (orbicularis oculi).
stapedius m. in ear.
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13
Q

CN VIII vestibulocochlear

A

hearing, balance

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14
Q

CN IX glossopharyngeal

A

taste from post 1/3 tongue.
swallowing.
salivation (parotid gland).
monitoring carotid body and sinus chemo- and baroreceptors.
stylopharyngeus (elevates pharynx, larynx).
sensation in upper pharynx, post 1/3 tongue, tonsils, middle ear.

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15
Q

CN X vagus

A 
taste from epiglottic region.
swallowing.
palate elevation.
midline uvula.
talking.
coughing.
thoracoabdominal viscera.
monitoring aortic arch chemo- and baroreceptors.
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16
Q

CN XI accessory

A

head turning, shoulder shrugging - sternocleidomastoid, trapezius.

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17
Q

CN XII hypoglossal

A

tongue movement

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18
Q

CN nuclei - midbrain

A

III, IV

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19
Q

CN nuclei - pons

A

V, VI, VII, VIII

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20
Q

CN nuclei - medulla

A

IX, X, XII

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21
Q

CN nuclei - spinal cord

A

XI (accessory nucleus)

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22
Q

general features of CN nuclei

A

located in tegmentum of brain stem (btn dorsal and ventral portions).

lateral nuclei = sensory. from alar plate.
medial nuclei = motor. from basal plate.
*sulcus limitans separates lateral from medial nuclei

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23
Q

vagal nuclei in brainstem

A
  1. nucleus solitarius
  2. nucleus ambiguus
  3. dorsal motor nucleus
24
Q

nucleus Solitarius

A

visceral Sensory info (taste, baroreceptors, gut distention).

CN VII, IX, X

25
Q

nucleus aMbiguus

A

Motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, upper esoph (swallowing, palate elevation, eff limb of gag reflex).

CN IX, X, XI

26
Q

dorsal motor nucleus

A

sends autonomic (parasymp) fibers to heart, lungs, upper GI (decrease HR, increase secretions/peristalsis)

27
Q

cribriform plate

A

CN I

28
Q

middle cranial fossa - through sphenoid bone

A

CN II - VI

29
Q

optic canal

A

CN II, ophthalmic a., central retinal v.

30
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI, ophthalmic vein, symp fibers

31
Q

foramen rotundum

A

CN V2

32
Q

foramen ovale

A

CN V3

33
Q

foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal a.

34
Q

posterior cranial fossa - through temporal or occipital bone

A

CN VII - XII

35
Q

internal auditory meatus

A

CN VII, VIII

36
Q

jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, XI, jugular vein

37
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII

38
Q

foramen magnum

A

spinal roots of CN XI, brainstem, vertebral aa.

39
Q

pathway of CN V divisions

A

V1: Superior orbital fissure.
V2: foramen Rotundum.
V3: foramen Ovale.

“Standing Room Only”

40
Q

corneal (blink) reflex

A

aff: V1 ophthalmic (nasociliary branch)
eff: VII (temporal branch - orbicularis oculi)

41
Q

lacrimation reflex

A

aff: V1
eff: VII (greater petrosal n.)

42
Q

jaw jerk reflex

A

aff: V3 (sensory - muscle spindle from masseter m.)
eff: V3 (motor - masseter m.)

43
Q

pupillary reflex

A

aff: II
eff: III

44
Q

gag reflex

A

aff: IX
eff: IX, X

45
Q

CN XII lesion (LMN)

A

tongue deviates TOWARD side of lesion due to weakened tongue mm. on affected side

46
Q

CN V motor lesion

A

jaw deviates TOWARD side of lesion due to unopposed force from opposite pterygoid when opening mouth.

47
Q

CN X lesion

A

uvula deviates AWAY from side of lesion. weak side collapses and uvula points away.

48
Q

CN XI lesion

A

weakness turning head to contra side of lesion (SCM).

shoulder drop on ipsi side (trapezius).

49
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

abnormal Rinne test (bone > air).

Weber test localizes to affected ear.

50
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

normal Rinne test (air > bone)>

Weber test localizes to UNaffected ear.

51
Q

mastication

A

3 mm. close jaw: Masseter, teMporalis, Medial pterygoid.

1 m. opens jaw: lateral pterygoid.

ALL innervated by V3.

52
Q

UMN lesion CN VII

A

(precentral gyrus or connection btn cortex and facial nucleus) - contralateral paralysis of lower face (below brow).

upper face has bilateral innervation.
can still raise eyebrows.

53
Q

LMN lesion CN VII

A

ipsi paralysis of upper and lower face

54
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

complete destruction of facial nucleus or branchial efferent fibers (facial nerve proper).

peripheral ipsi facial paralysis with inability to close eye on affected side.

55
Q

causes of Bell’s palsy

A

most are idiopathic with gradual recovery.

also: AIDS, Lyme disease, Herpes simplex, Sarcoidosis, Tumors, Diabetes “ALexander graHam BELL with STD”

Neuro (15 decks)

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