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Head and Neck > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Special Sensory Nerves associated with?

A

Hearing, seeing, smelling, balancing and tasting

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2
Q

What are Special Motor Nerves associated with?

A

Skeletal muscles derived embryologically from the pharyngeal arches and not from the somites

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3
Q

What is the first cranial nerve?

A

The Olfactory Nerve

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Olfactory Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve I

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5
Q

What fibres does the Olfactory Nerve carry?

A

Special Afferent Fibres

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6
Q

What does the Olfactory Nerve convey?

A

The sense of smell

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7
Q

How does the olfactory nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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8
Q

What is the second cranial nerve?

A

The Optic Nerve

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9
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Optic Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve II

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10
Q

What fibres does the Optic Nerve convey?

A

Special Afferent Fibres

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11
Q

What does the Optic Nerve convey?

A

Vision

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12
Q

How does the optic nerve enter the cranial cavity?

A

Through the optic canal

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13
Q

What is the third cranial nerve?

A

The Oculomotor Nerve

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14
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Oculomotor Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve III

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15
Q

What are the fibres of the Oculomotor Nerve?

A

General Somatic Efferent

General Visceral Efferent

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16
Q

How does the Oculomotor Nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Through the superior orbital fissure

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17
Q

What are innervations of the General Somatic Efferent fibres of the Oculomotor Nerve?

A

The muscles of the eye

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18
Q

What are the innervations of the General Visceral Efferent fibres of the Oculomotor Nerve?

A
  1. Pupillary constriction

2. Ciliary muscles

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19
Q

What is the fourth cranial nerve?

A

The Trochlear Nerve

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20
Q

Which cranial nerve is the Trochlear Nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve IV

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21
Q

What are the fibres of the Trochlear Nerve?

A

General Somatic Efferent fibres

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22
Q

What are the innervations of the Trochlear Nerve?

A

The Superior Oblique (of the eye)

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23
Q

How does the Trochlear Nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Through the superior orbital fissure

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24
Q

What is the fifth cranial nerve?

A

The Trigeminal Nerve

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25
Which cranial nerve is the Trigeminal Nerve?
Cranial Nerve V
26
What are the fibres of the Trigeminal Nerve?
General Somatic Afferent | Branchial Efferent
27
What are the divisions of the Trigeminal Nerve?
1. Opthalmic Nerve V1 2. Maxillary Nerve V2 3. Mandibular Nerve V3
28
What is the first division of the Trigeminal Nerve?
The Ophthalmic Nerve V1
29
What is the second division of the Trigeminal Nerve?
The Maxillary Nerve V2
30
What is the third division of the Trigmenial Nerve?
The Mandibular Nerve V3
31
How does the Opthalmic Nerve leave the cranial cavity?
Through the superior orbital fissure
32
What area does the Opthalmic Nerve innervate?
From the tip of the nose to the anterior half of the scalp
33
How does the Maxillary Nerve leave the cranial cavity?
Through the foramen rotundum
34
What area does the Maxillary Nerve innervate?
From the nose to the upper jaw
35
How does the Mandibular Nerve leave the cranial cavity?
Through the foramen ovale
36
What is unique about the Mandibular Nerve?
It has a dedicated motor root
37
What muscles are innervated by the Mandibular Nerve?
The 4 muscles of mastication
38
What area is innervated by the Mandibular Nerve?
From the lower jaw to the chin to around the ears
39
What is the sixth cranial nerve?
The Abducent Nerve
40
Which cranial nerve is the Abducent Nerve?
Cranial Nerve VI
41
What are the fibres of the Abducent Nerve?
General Somatic Efferent
42
What are the innervations of the Abducent Nerve?
The Lateral Rectus muscle in the orbit
43
How does the Abducent Nerve leave the cranial cavity?
Through the superior orbital fissure
44
What is the seventh cranial nerve?
The Facial Nerve
45
Which cranial nerve is the Facial Nerve?
Cranial Nerve VII
46
What are the fibres of the Facial Nerve?
General Somatic Afferent Special Afferent General Visceral Efferent Branchial Efferent
47
What are General Somatic Afferent innervations of the Facial Nerve?
Sensory input from part of the external acoustic meats and deeper parts of the auricle
48
What are the Special Afferent innervations of the Facial Nerve?
Taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
49
What are the General Visceral Efferent innervations of the Facial Nerve?
It is the parasympathetic part of the autonomic division of the PNS Stimulate secretomotor activity of the glands of the oral cavity and pharynx
50
What are the Branchial Efferent innervations of the Facial Nerve?
The muscles of the face and scalp Stapedius Posterior belly of the digastric muscle Stylohyoid muscle
51
What are the roots of the Facial Nerve?
The large motor root and smaller (intermediate) sensory root
52
What is contained in the intermediate root of the Facial Nerve?
SA fibres for taste Parasympathetic GVE fibres GSA fibres
53
What is contained in the Motor root of the Facial Nerve?
BE fibres
54
How does the Facial Nerve leave the cranial cavity?
Through the internal acoustic meatus
55
What is the Greater Petrosal Nerve a derivative of?
The Facial Nerve
56
What nerve derives from the Facial Nerve?
The Greater Petrosal Nerve
57
What are the nerves given off by the Facial Nerve?
The nerve to the stapedius and chorda tympani
58
What is the function of the chorda tympani?
It carries taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
59
What is the eighth cranial nerve?
The Vestibulocochlear Nerve
60
Which cranial nerve is the Vestibocochlear Nerve?
Cranial Nerve VIII
61
What are the fibres of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?
Special Afferent
62
What are the divisions of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?
1. Vestibular component | 2. Cochlear component
63
What is the function of the Vestibular component of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?
Balance
64
What is the function of the Cochlear component of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?
Hearing
65
What is the ninth cranial nerve?
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve
66
Which cranial nerve is the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?
Cranial Nerve IX
67
What are the fibres of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?
``` General Visceral Afferent General Somatic Afferent Special Afferent General Visceral Efferent Branchial Efferent ```
68
What are the innervations of the General Visceral Afferent fibres of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?
Sensory input from the carotid body and sinus
69
What are the innervations of the General Somatic Afferent fibres of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?
Sensory input from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue, palatine tonsils, oropharynx, mucosa of the middle ear, pharyngotympanic tube and mastoid air cells
70
What are the innervations of the Special Afferent fibres of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?
Taste from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
71
What are the innervations of the General Visceral Efferent fibres of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?
It is part of the parasympathetic part of the autonomic division of the PNS Stimulates secretomotor activity in the parotid salivary gland
72
What are the innervations of the Branchial Efferent fibres of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?
The Stylopharyngeus muscle (derived from the third pharyngeal arch)
73
How does the Glossopharyngeal Nerve leave the cranial cavity?
Through the jugular foramen
74
What is a branch of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?
The Tympanic Nerve
75
What does the Tympanic Nerve derive from?
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve
76
What is the function of the Tympanic Nerve?
To provide sensory information of the mucosa of the tympanic cavity, pharyngotympanic tube and mastoid air cells
77
What does the Lesser Petrosal Nerve derive from?
The Tympanic Nerve
78
What is the tenth cranial nerve?
The Vagus Nerve
79
Which cranial nerve is the vagus nerve?
Cranial Nerve X
80
What are the fibres of the Vagus Nerve?
``` General Somatic Afferent General Visceral Afferent Special Afferent General Visceral Efferent Branchial Efferent ```
81
How does the vagus nerve leave the cranial cavity?
Through the jugular foramen
82
What is the eleventh cranial nerve?
The Accessory Nerve
83
Which cranial nerve is the Accessory Nerve?
Cranial Nerve XI
84
How does the Accessory Nerve enter the cranial cavity?
Through the foramen magnum
85
How does the Accessory Nerve exit the cranial cavity?
Through the jugular foramen
86
What is the twelfth cranial nerve?
The Hypoglossal Nerve
87
Which cranial nerve is the Hypoglossal Nerve?
Cranial Nerve XII
88
What are the fibres of the Hypoglossal Nerve?
General Somatic Efferent
89
What are the innervations of the Hypoglossal Nerve?
All intrinsic muscles and most extrinsic muscles of the tongue
90
What extrinsic muscle of the tongue is not innervated by the Hypoglossal nerve?
The Palatoglossus muscle
91
How does the Hypoglossal Nerve exit the cranial cavity?
Through the hypoglossal canal

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