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Clinical anatomy 1 > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

(116 cards)

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1
Q

name CN I

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

CNS origin for CN I

A

Cerebrum

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3
Q

Nuclei origin for CN I

A

Nasal mucosa

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4
Q

Skull opening CN I exits/enters

A

Cribriform foramina of ethmoid bone

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5
Q

Target structures of CN I

A

Nasal mucus (nasal passageways)

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6
Q

Axon function of CN I

A

Sensory (special sense= smell)

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7
Q

Name CN II

A

Olfactory nerve

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8
Q

Nuclei origin of CN II

A

Ganglion cells of retina

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9
Q

Skull opening CN II enters/exits

A

Optic Canal

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10
Q

Target structures for CN II

A

Eyes (retina)

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11
Q

Axon function for CN II

A

Sensory (vision)

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12
Q

Name CN III

A

Oculomotor nerve

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13
Q

What are the cells of origin for CN III (Motor and Parasympathetic)

A

Motor: oculomotor nucleus

Parasympathetic :accessory oculomotor nucleus

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14
Q

What are the skull openings CN III enters/exits

A

Superior orbital fissure

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15
Q

What are the target structures for CN III motor branches superior ramus

A

levator palepbrae superioris muscle (upper eyelid)

Superior rectus muscle (elevates eye)

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16
Q

What are the target structures for CN III parasympathetic nerves?

A 
Ciliary bodies (lets eye adjust focal point to far/close)
Iris (constriction)
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17
Q

What are the target structures for CN III inferior ramus of Motor?

A 
Medial rectus (look inward)
Inferior rectus (look downward)
Inferior oblique (look downward)
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18
Q

What are the axon functions for CN III

A

Motor & parasympathetic

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19
Q

What ganglia is associated with CN III?

A

Ciliary ganglion

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20
Q

What nerve does CN III’s parasympathetic tract hitchhike on?

A

Short Ciliary Nerve of V1 (Ophthalmic) of Trigeminal nerve)

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21
Q

What nerve is the Ciliary ganglion suspended from?

A

Short ciliary nerve of Opthalmic nerve of Trigeminal nerve (V1 of nerve V)

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22
Q

What is the CNS origin of CN IV?

A

Midbrain

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23
Q

Where are the cells of origin for CN IV?

A

Trochlear nucleus

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24
Q

What skull openings does CN IV nerve enter/exit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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25
What is the target structure of CN IV
superior oblique muscle (eye looks down & out)
26
What is the axon function of CN IV
Motor
27
What is the name of V1 nerve?
Opthalmic nerve
28
What nerve does V1 originate from?
Trigeminal nerve
29
What is the CNS origin of V1 nerve?
Pons
30
Where do the cells of origin start for V1 nerve?
Trigeminal ganglion
31
What skull openings does the main part of V1 enter/exit?
Superior orbital fissure
32
What skull openings/exits do the branches of V1 enter/exit? (Name by branch)
1) Anterior ethmoid nerve: anterior ethmoidal foramen 2) Posterior ethmoid nerve: posterior ethmoidal foramen 3) Supraorbital nerve: Supraorbital foramen
33
What are the target structures for the lacrimal branch of V1?
1) lacrimal gland | 2) skin on lateral aspect of upper eyelid
34
What are the target structures for the frontal branch of V1?
1) skin of forehead (Supraorbital) | 2) skin of medial forehead (supratrochlear)
35
What are the target structures for the Nasociliary branch of V1?
1) mucosa of frontal & ethmoid sinuses AND skin on nose (anterior ethmoid) 2) mucosa of sphenoidal & ethmoidal sinuses AND superior nasal cavity (posterior ethmoid) 3) eye (long ciliary) 4) eye + parasympathetic via CN III (short ciliary) 5) skin on the bridge of the nose (infratrochlear)
36
What are the axon functions of V1
Sensory only
37
What ganglia and type is associated with V1
Trigeminal sensory nucleus is the ganglion & it’s sensory!
38
What other parasympathetic nerves and from where is V1 associated with/ allows “hitch hikers” from?
1) Cilary ganglion from CN III (parasympathetic) & short ciliary parasympathetic to ciliary bodies in eyes 2) parasympathetic from CN VII from the communicating branch off of the lacrimal nerve to V2 (which has the VII ganglion) & then carries the parasympathetic nerve to the lacrimal gland.
39
What is the name for V2 nerve?
Maxillary nerve
40
What nerve does V2 originate from?
Trigeminal nerve (V)
41
What is the CNS origin of V2?
Pons
42
Where are the cells of origin of V2 from?
Trigeminal ganglion
43
What is the main skull opening V2 enters/exits
Foramen rotundum
44
What other skull openings do branches of V2 exit/enter
1) inferior orbital fissure (zygomatic) 2) pterygomaxillary fissure (posterior superior alveolar) 3) Sphenopalatine foramen (nasopalatine) 4) greater palatine foramen (greater palatine nerve) 5) lesser palatine foramen (lesser palatine nerve) 6) Palatovaginal canal (pharyngeal n.) 7) infraorbital foramen (infraorbital n.)
45
What are the target structures of V2?
1) skin of the mid face 2) teeth 3) mucus membranes of the upper palate 4) nasopharynx
46
What is the axon function of V2?
Sensory!
47
What ganglia is associated with V2?
Trigeminal sensory nuclei
48
Additional structures of V2?
1) pterygopalatine fossa: where most of the nerves run through to enter respective foramen 2) Pterygopalatine ganglion is from CN VII (parasympathetic) & suspends in pterygopalatine fossa & follows peripheral nerves —> for example to larcrimal glad via V1 from the communicating branch
49
What is name of V3 nerve?
Mandibular nerve
50
What is the nerve origin of V3 nerve?
Trigeminal
51
What is the CNS origin of V3?
Pons
52
What are cells of origin for V3?
1) Sensory: Trigeminal ganglia | 2) Motor: Trigeminal motor nuclei
53
What is the main skull opening V3 enters/exits
Foramen ovale
54
What additional skull openings does V3 enter/exit?
1) Foramen spinosum (meningeal n.) 2) Mandibular foramen (mental n.) 3) mental foramen (mental n.)
55
What are the target structures of the motor part of V3?
1) muscles of mastication: a) temporalis (deep temporal n.) b) masseter (masseteric n.) c) lateral pterygoid (lat. pterygoid n.) d) medial pterygoid (medial pterygoid n.) 2) Suprahyoid muscles: a) mylohyoid b) anterior digastric
56
What are the target structures of sensory of V3?
1) skin of lower face 2) anterior 2/3 of tongue 3) mouth 4) mandibular teeth 5) ear
57
What are the axon functions for V3?
1) motor | 2) sensory
58
What is different about V3 motor nerves?
V3 motor nerves are from the 1st pharyngeal arch (mandibular arch) & originate from embryonic pharyngeal arches for motor as opposed to somites that formed all other muscles/motor nerves.
59
What ganglia is associated with V3?
Trigeminal sensory nuclei
60
What additional structures are related to V3?
1) Submandibular ganglion from CN VII —> suspended from & follows lingual nerve to tongue 2) Otic ganglion from CN IX —> suspended from & follows auriculotemporal nerve to the parotid gland Both are parasympathetic innervation!
61
What is the name for CN VI?
Abducens nerve
62
What is the CNS origin of CN VI?
Pons
63
What is the cells of origin for CN VI?
Abducens nuclei
64
What is the target structure for CN VI?
Lateral rectus muscle
65
What skull openings does CN VI enter/exit
Superior orbital fissure
66
What is the axon function for CN VI?
Motor
67
Name for CN VII
Facial nerve
68
What is the CNS origin for CN VII?
Pons
69
What are the cells of origin for CN VII: list for each type of function…
1) Motor: Facial motor nucleus 2) Sensory: Geniculate ganglion 3) Parasympathetic: superior salivary nucleus
70
What is the main skull opening CN VII enters/exits?
Internal auditory meatus
71
What additional openings do branches of CN VII travel through?
1) Hiatus of greater petrosal nerve (Greater Petrosal Nerve —> sensory & parasympathetic) 2) Stylomastoid foramen (Main root —> motor & sensory) 3) Petrotympanic fissure (Chorda Tympani —> sensory & parasympathetic)
72
What are the target structures for the motor aspect of CN VII?
Muscles of facial expression + stylohyoid + posterior digastric
73
What’s different about CN VII’s motor aspect?
Motor nerves originate from pharyngeal arch #2 (hyoid arch)!
74
What are the target structures for the sensory aspect of CN VII?
Two types of sensory: 1) typical sensing & proprioception: posterior ear, external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, facial muscle 2) Taste! [anterior 2/3 of tongue & taste of palate!]
75
What are the target structures for the parasympathetic aspect of CN VII?
1) lacrimal gland (tears) 2) palate/nasopharyngeal mucosa (snot) 3) sublingual gland (spit) 4) submandibular gland (spit)
76
What are the axon functions for CN VII?
1) Motor 2) Sensory + Special sense (taste) 3) parasympathetic
77
What ganglia are associated with CN VII?
1) sensory: geniculate ganglion 2) special sense (taste): nucleus solitarius 3) parasympathetic: a) submandibular ganglion b) pterygopalatine ganglion
78
What additional structures are part of CN VII?
1) Main root (motor & sensory to muscles of facial expression & posterior ear) 2) Chorda tympani (sensory & parasympathetic to tongue/sublingual/submandibular) 3) Greater petrosal nerve (sensory & parasympathetic to the pterygopalatine fossa (and ultimately to the palate & lacrimal gland)
79
Name CN VIII?
Vestibulocochlear
80
What is CNS origin of CN VIII?
Pons
81
What are the cells of origin for CN VIII?
1) Vestibular ganglion (vestibular sense) | 2) Spiral ganglion (hearing sense)
82
Main skull openings CN VIII enters/exits
Internal auditory meatus
83
Target structures for CN VIII:
1) hair cells of ampulla ray crests in semicircular ducts (vestibular sense) 2) hair cells of spiral organ (cochlear/ hearing sense)
84
Axon functions of CN VIII
Special senses: 1) vestibular 2) hearing
85
Associated ganglia for CN VIII
Sensory ganglia: 1) Vestibular nuclei 2) dorsal/ventricle cochlear nuclei
86
What is name of CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
87
What is CNS origin of CN IX?
Medulla
88
What are cells of origin for CN IX?
1) motor: nucleus ambiguous 2) sensory : superior ganglion & inferior ganglion 3) parasympathetic : inferior salivatory nucleus
89
Main skull opening CN IX enters/exits
Jugular foramen
90
Other skull openings CN IX enters/exits
``` Tympanic cannaliculus (parasympathetic & sensory enter/exit in ear region) Foramen ovale (parasympathetic enters/exits to get to V3 for otic ganglion) ```
91
What are the target structures for CN IX?
1) motor: stylopharyngeus muscle 2) parasympathetic: parotid gland via otic ganglion 3) sensory: a) proprioception/touch: tonsils, tympanic of inner ear, gag reflex of upper pharynx b) special sense: taste: posterior 1/3 tongue c) special sense: visceral: carotid body (chemoreception) & carotid sinus (baroreception)
92
What is different about motor aspect of CN IX?
Motor nerve of CN IX is from the 3rd pharyngeal arch (stylopharyngeal arch!) & innervates stylopharyngeusl muscle!
93
What are the axon functions for CN IX?
1) motor 2) parasympathetic 3) sensory
94
What ganglia are associated with CN IX?
1) otic ganglion (parasympathetic) 2) Trigeminal sensory nucleus (regular sensory) 3) Nucleus solitarius (special senses)
95
Additional structures for CN IX?
1) tympanic nerve (sensory + parasympathetic) | 2) lesser petrosal nerve (parasympathetic)
96
Name of CN XII?
Hypoglossal nerve
97
CNS origin of CN XII?
Medulla
98
Cells of origin for CN XII?
Hypoglossal nucleus
99
Skull openings CN XII enters/exits
Hypoglossal canal
100
Target structures for CN XII?
Genioglossus, styloglossus, Hyoglossus, intrinsic muscles of tongue
101
Axon function of CN XII?
Motor
102
Name CN XI
Accessory nerve
103
What is CNS origin of CN XI?
Spinal cord
104
What are spinal nerves for CN XI?
C1-C5
105
What openings in skull does CN XI enter/exit?
1) foramen magnum | 2) jugular foramen
106
What are the target structures for CN XI?
1) Sternocleidomastoid muscle | 2) trapezius muscle
107
What is the axon function for CN XI?
Motor
108
Name CN X?
Vagus nerve
109
What is CNS origin of CN X?
Medulla
110
What are cells of origin for CN X?
1) motor: nucleus ambiguous 2) parasympathetic: dorsal motor nucleus 3) sensory: superior & inferior ganglion
111
What skull openings does CN X enter/exit
Jugular foramen
112
What are target structures for motor of CN X?
Muscles of pharynx, intrinsic laryngeal muscles, palate, upper 2/3 of esophagus, cricothyroid, inferior pharyngeal constrictor, levator veli palatini
113
What are the parasympathetic target structures for CN X?
Mucosa of palate, mucosa of pharynx, mucosa of vocal cords & trachea, viscera of thorax & abdomen
114
What are the sensory target structures of CN X?
1) touch/proprioception: skin of ears, external auditory meatus, dura of posterior cranial fossa 2) taste: epiglottis and palate 3) Viscera: baroreception of aortic arch, viscera of thorax/abdomen
115
What is different about motor aspect of CN X?
Motor aspect come from both 4th & 6th pharyngeal arches [4th: superior laryngeal [cricothyroid m.] [6th: recurrent laryngeal [intrinsic laryngeal m.]
116
What ganglia are associated with CN X?
1) superior ganglia [sensory] 2) inferior ganglia [sensory] 3) ganglia in/on/near viscera [parasympathetic] 4) spinal Trigeminal nucleus [sensory]

Clinical anatomy 1 (6 decks)

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