Cranial Nerves Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
cranial nerve I
A
olfactory nerve
2
Q
olfactory nerve location
A
olfactory tract
3
Q
olfactory nerve field of innervation
A
olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavity
4
Q
olfactory nerve type
A
sensory
5
Q
olfactory nerve function
A
smell
6
Q
olfactory nerve foramen
A
cribriform plate of ethmoid
7
Q
olfactory nerve signs of damage
A
anosmia
8
Q
cranial nerve II
A
optic
9
Q
optic nerve type
A
sensory
10
Q
optic nerve location
A
thalamus
11
Q
optic nerve foramen
A
optic canal
12
Q
optic nerve field of innervation
A
retina
13
Q
optic nerve signs of damage
A
blindness
14
Q
optic nerve function
A
vision
15
Q
cranial nerve III
A
oculomotor
16
Q
oculomotor type
A
motor
17
Q
oculomotor location
A
midbrain
18
Q
occulomotor foramen
A
superior orbital fissure
19
Q
oculomotor field of innervation
A
all extraocular muscles except for the lateral rectus and superior oblique
20
Q
oculomotor function
A
Eyelid opening, eyeball movement, pupil constriction
21
Q
oculomotor signs of damage
A
Ptosis (eyelid drooping) and diplopia (double vision)
22
Q
cranial nerve IV
A
trochclear
23
Q
trochlear location
A
midbrain
24
Q
trochlear type
A
motor
25
trochlear foramen
superior orbital fissure
26
trochlear field of innervation
superior oblique muscle
27
trochlear function
Eye movement (depression of adducted eye)
28
trochlear signs of damge
* Diplopia
* Weakness of downward eye movement
* Affected eye drifts upward
29
cranial nerve V
trigeminal
30
trigeminal branches
* ophthalmic
* maxillary
* mandibular
31
maxillary foramen
foramen rotundum
32
mandibular foramen
foramen ovale
33
ophthalmic foramen
superior orbital fissure
34
ophthalmic type
sensory
35
maxillary type
sensory
36
mandibular type
sensory and motor
37
trigeminal location
pons & extending midbrain through medulla
38
sensory branches of trigeminal fields of innervation
Scalp, face, orbit, paranasal sinuses, anterior two-thirds of the tongue
39
motor branches of trigeminal fields of innervation
Muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani muscles
40
ophthalmic and maxillary function
Face, cheeks, lips, jaw, forehead, eyes, eyebrows, nose – pain, temperature, touch, proprioception
41
sensory aspect of mandibular function
Interior/exterior jaw and TMJ.
Sensation to superficial and deep structures of face, mucous membrane of upper mouth, palate, tongue.
Sensation of shape and texture in mouth.
Sensation to palate and pharynx.
42
motor aspect of mandibular function
Mastication, jaw lateralisation, and closure. Assists with:
* Upward/ anterior movement of larynx
* Backward movement of tongue to soft palate
* Palatal elevation (tenses soft palate)
* Posterior pharyngeal wall constriction
43
ophthalmic and maxillary signs of damage
* Facial anaesthesia
* Loss of temperature/pain sensation
* Loss of sensation of superficial and deep structures
* Loss of sensation of anterior 2/3 of tongue
44
mandibular signs of damage
* Weakness, asymmetry, tremors or fasciculations (contractions/twitches) in jaw
* Weakness in jaw lateralisation and closure
* Loss of/weak mastication
* Jaw deviates to weak/paralysed side
* Flaccid soft palate
* Decreased hyolaryngeal excursion
45
cranial nerve VI
abducent
46
abduscent foramen
superior orbital fissure
47
abducent location
pons
48
abducent type
motor
49
abducent function
eye movement (abduction)
50
abducent field of innervation
lateral rectus muscle
51
abducent signs of damage
medial eye deviation
52
cranial nerve VII
facial nerve
53
facial nerve foramen
internal acoustic meatus & stylomastoid foramen
54
facial nerve type
motor and sensory
55
sensory aspect of facial field of innervation
middle ear, nasal cavity, soft palate; external auditory meatus; anterior two-thirds of tingue - chorda tympani
56
motor aspect of facial field of innervation
lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual, basal, palatine glands; muscles of facial expression
57
facial function
* Facial expression
* Taste
* Salivation (submandibular and sublingual glands)
* Lacrimation
* Mandibular Depression
* Contributes to Hyoid elevation
58
facial signs of damage
* Paralysis of facial muscles (hyperacusis)
* Poor labial retraction and pursing
* Poor lip seal
* Reduced hyoid elevation
* Dry mouth, loss of lacrimation (tears)
* Diminished jaw opening/closing
* Loss of taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
59
cranial nerve VII
vestibulo-cochlear
60
vestibulo-cochlear foramen
internal acoustic meatus
61
vestibulo-cochlear type
sensory
62
vestibulo-cochlear location
medulla
63
vestibulo-cochlear field of innervation
Spiral organ (of Corti), macula of utricle, macula of saccule, ampullae of the semicircular canals
64
vestibulo-cochlear function
balance and hearing
65
vestibulo-cochlear signs of damage
vertigo, disequlibrium, nystagmus (involuntary rhythmic side-to-side, up and down or circular motion of the eyes), poor hearing
66
cranial nerve IX
glosso-pharyngeal
67
glosso-pharyngeal location
medulla
68
glosso-pharyngeal foramen
jugular foramen
69
glosso-pharyngeal type
motor and sensory
70
sensory aspect of glosso-pharyngeal field of innervation
posterior one-third of the tongue; middle ear, pharynx, epiglottis, carotid body, carotid sinus; soft palate
71
motor aspect of glosso-pharyngeal field of innervation
stylopharyngeus and pharyngeal constrictors; parotid gland
72
function of glosso-pharyngeal
Elevation of larynx and pharynx
Dilation of pharynx via stylopharyngeus contributing to epiglottic excursion
Taste/sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue
Sensation of tonsils, soft palate, and upper pharynx
Sensory portion of pharyngeal gag
Salivation (parotid gland)
73
function of glosso-pharyngeal
* Elevation of larynx and pharynx
* Dilation of pharynx via stylopharyngeus contributing to epiglottic excursion
* Taste/sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue
* Sensation of tonsils, soft palate, and upper pharynx
* Sensory portion of pharyngeal gag
* Salivation (parotid gland)
74
glosso-pharyngeal signs of damage
* Weak cough reflex
* Damage on instrumental exam
* Loss of taste and sensation on posterior 1/3 of tongue
* Reduced gag reflex due to reduced sensation
75
cranial nerve X
vagus
76
vagus nerve foramen
jugular foramen
77
vagus braches
recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve
78
vagus type
motor and sensory
79
vagus location
medulla
80
sensory aspect of vagus field of innervation
epiglottis; thoracic and abdominal viscera, carotid body; external acoustic meatus, retroauricular skin, posterior part of meninges
81
sensory aspect of vagus field of innervation
epiglottis; thoracic and abdominal viscera, carotid body; external acoustic meatus, retroauricular skin, posterior part of meninges
82
motor aspect of vagus field of innervation
thoracic and abdominal viscera; laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles
83
sensory aspect of vagus function
Palate, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, lungs
Taste receptors in posterior oral cavity
84
sensory aspect of recurrent laryngeal nerve function
sensation below true vocal cords
85
sensory aspect of superior laryngeal nerve function
Posterior tongue and larynx above true vocal cords
Taste in epiglottis and pharynx
86
motor aspect of vagus function
* Elevation/depression of soft palate
* Elevation of posterior tongue
* Elevation/closure of larynx
* Lowering of larynx after swallow
87
motor aspect of recurrent laryngeal nerve function
Muscles of intrinsic larynx (except cricothyroid) and cricopharyngeus muscle
88
motor aspect of superior laryngeal nerve function
* Cricothyroid
* Pharyngeal contraction
* Relaxation of cricopharyngeal muscle
* Oesophageal peristalsis
* Cardiac, GI tract respiration
89
vagus signs of damage
* Loss of gag reflex, soft palate and uvula will deviate to non-damaged side
* Loss of cough reflex (larynx/pharynx)
* Loss of taste (hard palate/base of tongue)
* Hypernasality
* Dysphonia (wet, hoarse, breathy etc.)
* Inability to vary pitch (damage of SLN branch which innervates cricothyroid)
* Dysphasia
* Impaired laryngeal closure
* Impaired true vocal cord adduction
90
cranial nerve XI
cranial accessory
91
cranial accessory location
medulla
92
cranial accessory foramen
jugular foramen
93
cranial accesspry type
motor
94
cranial accesspry type
motor
95
cranial accessory field of innervation
Laryngeal muscles, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
96
cranial accessory function
* Raising soft palate
* Narrowing and elevating of lateral pharyngeal wall
* Narrowing and elevating of posterior tongue
97
cranial nerve XII
hypoglossal
98
cranial nerve XII
hypoglossal
99
hypoglossal location
medial medulla
100
hypoglossal type
motor
101
hypoglossal field of innervation
Intrinsic tongue muscles, extrinsic tongue muscles (except for the palatoglossus)
102
hypoglossal function
Intrinsic tongue muscles, extrinsic tongue muscles (except for the palatoglossus)
103
hypoglossal signs of damage
* Atrophy of tongue muscles, fasciculations
* Deviation of tongue to weak side
* LMN lesion: weakness of ipsilateral tongue
* UMN lesion: weakness of contralateral side
104
spinal accessory location
cervical cord
105
spinal accessory field of innervation
sternomastoid and trapezius
106
spinal accessory field of innervation
sternomastoid and trapezius
107
spinal accessory function
head and neck movement
108
spinal accessory signs of damage
head turning/shoulder shrugging weakness
109
mandibular foramen
foramen ovale
110
abduscent foramen
superior orbital fissure
111
facial nerve foramen
internal acoustic meatus & stylomastoid foramen
112
cranial accessory foramen
jugular foramen
113
hypoglossal foramen
hypoglossal canal
114
spinal accessory foramen
foramen magnum
