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Neuro > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerve I - Label the attached drawings.

A
  1. Lateral olfactory stria
  2. Olfactory bulb
  3. Olfactory tract
  4. Uncus (inferomedial aspect of temporal lobe) - primary olfactory cortex.
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2
Q

Does CN I travel through the thalamus?

A

No
Olfactory receptors > Olfactory bulb (processing of sense begins) > Olfactory tract > via lateral fissure > uncus (inferomedial temporal) and amygdala.

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3
Q

Where is the olfactory primary sensory cortex?

A

Uncus - inferomedial aspect of the temporal lobe.

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4
Q

What is CN I called?

A

Olfactory n.

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5
Q

What cranial nerves are sensory only?

A

CN I - Olfactory n.
CN II - Optic n.
CN IV - Trochlear n.
CN V - Trigeminal n.

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6
Q

What is CN II called?

A

Optic n.

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7
Q

Label the attached CN II image showing the pathway of visual reception to primary visual cortex processing.

A
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8
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

Either side of the calcerine sulcus within the occipital lobe.

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9
Q

There are two main loops on both the R & L side of the optic radiation. What are these called and where are they located?

A

The loop that provides information about the upper visual field is delivered via the Meyers / temporal loop of the optic radiation to the inferior part of the primary visual cortex (below the calcerine sulcus).

The loop that provides infomation about the lower visual fields is delivered via the parietal / Baum’s loop of the optic radiation to the superior part of the primary visual cortex (above the calcerine sulcus).

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10
Q

Write the pathway from receptor stimulation to primary visual cortex for the CN II.

A

CN II - Optic n.

Retina > Optic n > Optic chiasm > Optic tract > lateral geniculate nucleus (posterior & inferior thalamus) > Optic radiation (Baums / Meyer’s loop) > Primary visual cortex (occipital lobe either side of calcerine sulcus).

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11
Q

What is the role of CN IV?

A

Eye movement (inferior & medial) via innervation of the superior oblique eye muscle.

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12
Q

A lesion effecting CN IV would result in?

A

A lesion effecting the trochlea n. (CN IV) would result in diploplia (double vision) and an opthalmopegia (inability to rotate the eye to look) inferio-medially.

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13
Q

What is CN IV?
Is it a sensory, motor or mixed CN?

A

CN IV is the Trochlea n. It is a motor CN that innervates the superior oblique eye muscles.

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14
Q

Where does CN IV, the Trochlea n. arise from?

A

Lateral (superio-lateral) pons (superior to the trigeminal n.).

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15
Q

What is the name of CN III?

A

The Occulomotor n.

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16
Q

What types of nerve fibres travel within CN III?
Motor - Sensory - PNS?

A

Both motor and PNS fibres travel in the Occulomotor n. (CN III).

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17
Q

What are the names and the location of the brainstem nuclei associated with CN III Occulomotor n. ?

A

The motor component is associated with the occularmotor nucleus located at the supercollicular level of the midbrain in the ventral / anterior periductal grey matter.

Near by the Edinger-Westphal nucleus the PNS nucleus is located also in the ventral / anterior periductal grey matter.

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18
Q

What muscles are conrolled by CN III the Occulomotor n. ?

A

Extraoccular muscles:
1. Medial rectus muscle,
2. Superior rectus muscle,
3. Inferior rectus muscle,
4. Inferior oblique muscle,
5. Lavator palpbrea,
Intraoccular muscles:
1. Cillary muscles
2. Pupillae sphinctor muscles.

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19
Q

What is the role of the PNS innervation at CN III the Occulomotor n. ?

A

PNS stimulation is responsible for the:
1. Pupillary light reflex, and
2. Accommodation reflex.

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20
Q

What is the role of the PNS innervation at CN III the Occulomotor n. ?

A

PNS stimulation is responsible for the:
1. Pupillary light reflex, and
2. Accommodation reflex.

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21
Q

What is CN V called?

A

The trigeminal n.

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22
Q

What are the main branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

The main branches of the trigeminal n. include:
1. Opthalmic (sensory)
2. Maxillary (sensory)
3. Mandibular (sensory - propiroception & motor - muscles of mastication).

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23
Q

What regions does the Opthalmic branch of the trigeminal n. give sensation to?

A

The Opthalmic n. provides sensory innervation to:
* cornea,
* upper eye lid & conjunctiva,
* scalp
* forehead
* frontal and ethmoid sinus
* dorsum of the nose.

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24
Q

What regions does the Maxillary branch of the trigeminal n. give sensation to?

A

The Maxillary branch of the trigeminal n. provides sensation to:
* lower eyelid and its conjunctiva,
* cheeks
* maxillary sinus,
* nasal cavity and lateral nose,
* upper lip
* upper teeth and superior palate.

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25
Q

Is CN V a mixed - sensory - motor nerve?

A

CN V - Trigeminal n. is a mixed nerve.

Opthalmic branch - sensory
Maxillary branch - sensory
Mandibular branch - motor & sensory.

All branches carry PNS axons from other nerves for innervation of:
Opthalmic - lacriminal gland
Maxillary - lacriminal and nasal glands
Mandibular - salivary glands

26
Q

What is the role of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal n. ?

A

The Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal n. is a mixed motor and sensory nerve.
It carries provides innervation for the perception of sensory imput for the:
* lower lip,
* chin,
* external ear,
* anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and
* mucous membranes,
* floor of the oral cavity.

Motor supply is to:
* muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter & pterygoid (lateral & medial) muscles.
* Middle ear muscles (tensor veli palatine, tensor tympani).

27
Q

Complete the following table identifying the decussation points of the corticobulbar tracts.

A
28
Q

Where does the cranial nerve V (trigeminal) sit in the brain?

A

CN V lies in the floor of the middle cranial fossa.

29
Q

Can you identify CN V (trigeminal) in the attached diagram?

A
30
Q

The trigminal nerv (CN V) lies in the floor of the midcerebral fossa. It’s three branches quickly divide and traverse which three fossas within the cranium?

A

Branch 1 - exits the skull via the superior orbital fissure.
Branch 2 - exits the skull via the foramen rotundum.
Branch 3 - exits the skull via the foramen ovale

31
Q

What is the exit point of CN 1

A

CN 1 the Olfactory n. runs along the inferor surface of teh frontal lobe (lies in anterior cranial fossa) it exits the cranium via the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.

32
Q

Which CN is the only CN that arises from the posterior aspect of the brain stem?

A

CN IV: Trochlea n.

33
Q

What is the exit location of CN 2?

A

CN 2, the optic n, exits the cranium via the optic canal in the posterior superior orbit (sphenoid bone anterior superior sphenoid bone & posterior frontal bone).

34
Q

What is the exit location of CN III

A

CN III Trochlea n. passes through the superior orbital fissure (slit like structure in the anteiror superior aspect of the greater wing of the spenoid bone.

35
Q

Four CN’s pass through the superior orbital fissure. What are they?

A

CN III Occulomotor, (medial, superior and inferior rectus , superior oblique & lavator pupillae (lift upper eye lid), PNS: papillary sphincter, cillary muscles for lense accomodation);
CN IV Trochlea (superior oblique - looking down and medially & prevent diplopila),
CN V Trigeminal (opthalmic division upper eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, lacriminal gland);
CNVI Abducens (lateral rectus - abduction of eye)

36
Q

CN V has three branches, each with unique cranial exit points. What are the exit points for these branches:
1. Opthalmic
2. Mandibular
3. Maxillary

A
  1. Opthalmic - superior orbital fissure.
  2. Mandibular - foramen rotundum.
  3. Maxillary - foramen ovale
37
Q

Where does CN IV exit the cranium?

A

CN IV, the Trochlea n. exits the cranium via the superior orbital fissure.

38
Q

Where does CN VI exit the cranium?

A

CN VI, the Abducens n. exits the cranium at the superior orbital fissure.

39
Q

Where does branch 1 (V1) of the trigeminal nerve exit the cranium?

A

V1, the first branch of the trigeminal n. the opthalmic n. exits the cranium via the superior orbital fissure.

40
Q

Where does V2 of CN V exit the cranium.

A

CN V, the trigeminal nerve branch 2 (V2) exits the cranium via the foramen rotundem of the sphenoid bone.

41
Q

Where does V3 of CN V exit the cranium?

A

V3, the maxillary branch of the Trigeminal n. exits the cranium via the foramen ovale (sphenoid bone).

42
Q

What is the region of the cranium identified by the coloured / outlined region?

A

This is the pterious part of the temporal bone.
It contains the internal acoustic meatus (contains inner ear) (CN VII & VIII)

43
Q

Where does CN VII exit the cranium?

A

The facial nerve exits the craniym via the internal auditory meatus (of the pterous part of the temporal bone).

44
Q

Where does CN VIII exit the cranium?

A

CN VIII, the vestibulocochlea n. exits the cranium via the internal auditory meatus.

45
Q

The internal juglar vein and three cranial nerves exit the cranium via the juglar foramen. Which CN’s are these?

A

CN IX Glossopharengeal
CN X Vagus
CN XI Accessory

46
Q

Where does CN XII exit the cranium?

A

The Hypoglossal n. exitis the cranium via the hypoglossal canal, close to the foramen magnum.

47
Q

Which CN’s are purely sensory (3)

A
  1. Olfactory n
  2. Optic n.
  3. Vestibulocochlea n.

(Sensory = 3 S’s…. Smell, Sight, sound)!

48
Q

Which CN’s are pure motor nerves?

A

CN III Occulomotor (most extra occular)
CN IV Trochlea (superior oblique)
CN VI Abducens (lateral rectus)
CN XI Accessory (shoulder shrug).
CN XII Hypoglossal (tongue protrusion).

49
Q

Which CN are mixed CN’s.

A

CN V Trigeminal n
CN VII Facial n
CN VIII Glossopharengeal n
CN X Vagus n

50
Q

What CN’s contain parasympathetic innervation?

A

III Oculomotor (pupil, lense (accommodation)
VII Facial (eye reflexes)
XI Glossopharyngea (swallow reflex)
X Vagus (chest and abdo organs).

51
Q

What is the outflow of the parasympathetic NS?

A

Crainial & Sacral outflow

52
Q

What CN nuclei are located in the midbrain?

A

Supra colliculi level - oculomotor nucelus (III).
Inferior colliculi level - trochlomotor nucleus (IV)

Edinger Westphal nucleus is located near the oculomotor nucleus and is the PNS nucelus for pupil dilation…

53
Q

What CN nuclei are located within the pons?

A

Upper pons:
* Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal (conscious proprioception & vibration) (V)
* Trigeminal motor nucelus (motor)
* Chief trigeminal nucleus (sensory unconscious proprioception) (V)
* Spinal nucleus of trigeminal (pons through medulla and superior SC) (Sensory - pain and temperature).

Lower pons:
* Abducens (abduct eye - lateral rectus)
* Facial motor nucleus (muscles of mastication)

  • Glossopharengeal nuclei is located between the medulla and the pons.
54
Q

Which CN’s are located within the medulla?

A
  • Nucleus Ambiguus - contains LMN cell bodies of CN’s IX, X, XI - Glossopharengeal, Vagus, Accessory n.
  • Hypoglossal Nucleus - hypoglossal n. tongue protrusion.
    • Glossopharengeal nuclei is located between the medulla and the pons.
55
Q

What do CN’s nuclei contain?

A

Neuronal cell bodies of the Lower Motor Neurons of the CN.

56
Q

Name the Sensory CN nuclei

A
57
Q

Label the motor CN nuclei.

A
58
Q

Name the PNS CN Nuclei

Hint think see, chew, swallow & digest.

A

Edinger Westphal - eye reflexes
Superior salivary - Facial
Inferior salivary - Glossophrengeal
Dorsal vagus - Vagus

59
Q

What is the pathway from olfactory receptor stimulation to processing?

A
  1. Olfactory receptors in olfactory epithelium
  2. Olfactory nerves pass holes in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
  3. Nerves join to form the Olfactory bulbs.
  4. Collection of olfactory bulbs (nerve bundles) form the Olfactory tract.
  5. Olfactory tract travels inferior to the orbitofrontal lobe before
  6. Separating in the th emedial and lateral stria.
  7. Stria migrate to the medial temporal cortex and insular lobes of the temporal lobe for perception and processing.
60
Q

Anosmia means?

A

Loss of sense of smell - most commonly caused by URTI’s; head injury to ethmoid bone & basal frontal tumours.

61
Q

Which CN arises from the posterior of the brainstem?

A

CN IV Trochlea n.

62
Q

Which CN’s arise between the pons & midbrain medially?

A

CN VI Abducens

Neuro (23 decks)

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