Cranial Nerves

Question 1

What is parasympathetic function of the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 1

pupillary constriction and lens accomodation

Question 2

what is sensory of facial nerve?

Answer 2

anterior 2/3 of tongue and the chordae tymopani does the taste. Also does ear and external tempanic membrane

Question 3

What is sensory and parasympathetic of glossopharyngeal?

Answer 3

posterior tongue taste and sensory, carotid body/ sinus, upper pharynx, and internal tempanic membrane. Parasympathetic is parotid gland

Question 4

What is sensory and parasympathetic of vagus nerve?

Answer 4

lower pharynx and larynx, viscera, aortic arch. Parasympathetics is the gland of pharynx and larynx and viscera

Question 5

Oculomotor nucleus and location

Answer 5

oculomotor and Edinger Westphal (para) and midbrain

Question 6

trochlear nucleus and location

Answer 6

trochlear and midbrain

Question 7

trigeminal nucleus and location

Answer 7

Trigeminal (sensory)
Motor nucleus of trigeminal (motor)
medulla and pons

Question 8

abducens nucleus and location

Answer 8

abducens (motor) in pons

Question 9

facial nucleus and location

Answer 9

Facial motor (motor)
Trigeminal (sensory) medulla
Solitarius -Gustatory (sensory)
Superior Salivatory (parasympathetic)
the rest is pons

Question 10

vestibulocochlear nucleus and location

Answer 10

vestibular, dorsal/ventral cochlear and all medulla and pons

Question 11

glossopharyngeal nucleus and location

Answer 11

Ambiguus (motor & parasympathetic)
Inferior Salivatory (parasympathetic)
Solitarius (sensory)
Solitarius-Gustatory (sensory) > pons
Trigeminal (sensory)
everything else medulla

Question 12

vagus nucleus and location

Answer 12

ambigous (motor/ para), dorsal vagal (para), solitarius (sensory), trigeminal (sensory) and medulla

Question 13

spinal accessory nucleus and location

Answer 13

spinal accessory and medulla

Question 14

glossopharyngeal nucleus and location

Answer 14

hypoglossal and medulla

Question 15

What is efferent 2 neuron path?

Answer 15

upper motor goes from cerebrum to nuclei, and lower motor goes from nuclei to muscle

Question 16

What is 3 nerve efferent pathway?

Answer 16

1st neuron brings info from sensory ganglia to CN nuclei, the second neuron brings info from nuclei to thalamus, and third neuron is thalamus relaying to cortex

Question 17

What is 3 neuron visceral (autonomic) motor path?

Answer 17

first neuron is from cortex to CN nuclei, second neuron is from CN nuclei to ganglia, and third neuron from ganglia to smooth muscle or secreting cells

Question 18

Where does olfactory nerve project

Answer 18

pyriform area, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala

Question 19

Edinger Westphal Nucleus

Answer 19

Innervates constrictor pupillae muscle & ciliary body (accommodation reflex)
Synapses on ciliary ganglion –gives rise to short ciliary nerves

Question 20

Superior Oblique nerve, function

Answer 20

trochlear nerve and depresses and abducts eye medially (intorsion)

Question 21

Lateral rectus function and nerve

Answer 21

abduction and abducens. This projects ipsilateral and exits the superior oribital fissure like superior oblique trochlear

Question 22

How does accommodation reflex work?

Answer 22

Sphincter pupillary muscle in iris contracts: pupils constrict and get Smaller Pupil, flat lens “miosis”. Ciliary muscles contract: decreased tension on suspensory ligament Thicker Lens

Question 23

Light reflex pathway

Answer 23

stimulus in eye> pretectal nucleus>axons project in posterior commissure>Edinger Westphal Nucleus>ciliary ganglion>pupillary constriction

Question 24

How is lateral gaze coordinated between abducens and oculomotor?

Answer 24

signals from eye go to superior colliculus in midbrain, while oculomotor nucleus in midbrain goes to medial rectus. The superior colliculus projects to lateral gaze center this causes projection to lateral rectus . The medial longitudinal fasciculus connects these two paths.

Question 25

What happens if you get lesion of medial longitudinal fasiculus?

Answer 25

it cannot relay info from superior colliculus tot he oculomotor nucleus so you would lose medial rectus of eye with lesion and contralateral eye would be nystagmus of abducting eye

Question 26

Where's trigeminal sensory nucleus and motor nucleus?

Answer 26

sensory is in the midbrain and does orofacial. Motor is in the pons and does mastification. Pons also has chief sensory that does discriminative touch, vibration, proprioception. And spinal trigeminal nucleus does pain/ temperature

Question 27

Location and function of facial nerve nuclei

Answer 27

Fascial motor is medial/medial pons, does facial expression. Superior Salivatory is medial/ anterior pons that does parasympathetics to glands. Nucleus Solitarius is located between abducens and facial nuclei in pons and does taste of anterior tongue.

Question 28

Where is trigeminal nucleus for ear sensory?

Answer 28

lateral medulla and does sensory to the concha of ear and skin behind ear, external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane

Question 29

How does facial motor control of face differ between upper and lower?

Answer 29

bilateral control of upper fascial muscles and contralateral of lower facial muscles

Question 30

How does blink reflex work?

Answer 30

The opthalamic nerve does sensory portion and synapes at trigeminal nucleus, this is relayed to facial motor nucleus to cause contraction of orbicularis oculi

Question 31

How do you test for cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and XII?

Answer 31

IX = gag reflex X = gag reflex XI = lift shoulders XII = tongue movement

Question 32

What are nuclei of CN IX?

Answer 32

ambiguous which does motor of stylopharyngeus, inferior salivatory which does parasymp of parotid, the solitarius, and trigeminal which does posterior tongue sensory. All nuclei located in medulla

Question 33

How does vagus affect viscera?

Answer 33

slows heart rate, stimulates increased bronchial secretion and constriction, and stimulates GI motility.

Question 34

what are nuclei of vagus nerve and functions?

Answer 34

1. Ambigous - constricts, levator palate, and intrinsic muscles of larynx and tongue 2. Ambigous para - cardiac muscle 3. dorsal vagal - smooth muscle and glands 4. trigeminal - does sensory of acoustic meatus 5. nucleus solitarius - sensory of aortic arch and throat viscera

Question 35

How does gag reflex work?

Answer 35

glossopharyngeal nerve synapses on spinal nucleus and this is relayed to vagus nerve ambigous nuclei to cause contraction of levator palatine

Question 36

Spinal accessory does contralateral... and ipsilateral...

Answer 36

contralateral trapezius and ipsilateral SCM

Question 37

What's path for spinal accessory nerves?

Answer 37

cortex projects to contralateral LMN to contralateral trapezius to raise shoulder. Or cortex will project to ipsilateral LMN to ipsilateral SCM to turn head

Question 38

How can you tell if you have a UMNL or LMNL of hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 38

UMNL of genioglossus causes tongue to deviate towards opposite side of lesion, and LMNL deviates towards same side of lesion. You knot the side of lesion because there's fasciulations on side of lesion