Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Skills > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerve 1

A

olfactory - smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cranial nerve 2

A

optic - visual acuity, pupil response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cranial nerve 3

A

Oculomotor - eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cranial nerve 4

A

Trochlear - eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cranial nerve 5

A

trigeminal - facial sensation and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cranial nerve 6

A

abducens - eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cranial nerve 7

A

facial - facial expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cranial nerve 8

A

Vestibulocochlear - hearing and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cranial nerve 9

A

Glossopharyngeal - swallowing and speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cranial nerve 10

A

vagus - swallowing and speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cranial nerve 11

A

accessory - sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cranial nerve 12

A

Hypoglossal - tongue movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what 2 cranial nerves concern swallowing and speech?

A

9 and 10
- glossopharyngeal and vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which 3 cranial nerves are involved in eye movement

A

oculomotor, trochlear, abducens
3,4,6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

speech abnormalities suggest pathologies involving which cranial nerves

A

glossopharyngeal and vagu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

eyelid or pupil abnormalities suggests a pathology involving which cranial nerve

A

oculomotor (3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how to first inspect before cranial nerve exam?

A

speech abnormalities
facial dropp/ asym
muscle bulk
eyelid/pupil abnorm
facies
scars
hearing aids
limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how would you test the olfactory nerve (1)

A

px smell orange stick (or lemon peppermint coffee) eyes shut and tell you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

give some causes for changes to sense of smell

A

mucus blockage
head trauma
genetics
parkinsons
covid 19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when testing the optic nerve (2) what inspection would you do

A

check pupils same sizew and shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how can visual acuity be checked when doing an assessment on cranial nerve 2/ the optic nerve

A

snellen chart

test one eye at a time to see changes. reaching line 6 at 6m = 6/6 = 20/20 vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what score on a snellen chart would prompt you to need to wear glasses when driving

A

6/12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how can visual fields be checked when assessing the optic nerve

A

confrontation

24
Q

causes of visual field changes

A

stroke
tumour
abscess
ms
ocular disease

25
Q

how can homonymous defects be detected when assessing the optic nerve

A

finger waggling

26
Q

what 2 pupillary reflexes are checked in an assessment of the optic nerve

A

direct and consensual

and accomodation

27
Q

what equipment is used to carry out fundoscopy

A

ophthalmoscope

28
Q

causes for abnormalities in pupillary responses

A

retinal damage
central vein occlusion
optic neuropathy
glaucoma
compression due to tumour or abscess

29
Q

causes of changes in acuity

A

refractive errors
retinal diseases
cataracts
neuritis
lesions in visual pathway

30
Q

optic nerve exam (2)

A

pupils reflex - direct and consensual/accommodation, visual fields, visual acuity, homonymous defects, fundoscopy

31
Q

how do you test cranial nerves 3, 4 and 6 (oculomotor, trochlear and abducens)

A

ask if diplopia (double vision),
track H finger,
repeat with each eye shut.

32
Q

what are you looking for when drawing a h, what may irregular eye movement suggest?

A

nystagmus which may suggest a stroke or vestibular nerve pathology

33
Q

to check the trigeminal nerve (5) facial sensation in all 3 branches is touched lightly to indentify pain, what are the 3 areas that must be checked

A

ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

forehead, cheek, jaw

34
Q

cranial nerve 5 exam

A

facial sensations forehead, cheek and jaw.
open jaw against resistance and side to side against resistance, inspect bulk.

35
Q

how are the muscles of mastication checked when assessing trigeminal nerve function

A

inspect jaw
open jaw against resistance
jaw side to side

36
Q

what muscles are being tested when looking at the muscles of mastication

A

masseter
temporalis
pterygoid

37
Q

before investigating the facial nerve (7) what should the face be examined for

A

asymmetry

38
Q

to test the facial nerve patients are asked to make a series of movements, what are these

A

raise eyebrows
show teeth
purse lips
blow out cheeks
screw eyes shut- try to open

39
Q

what is the most common cause of LOWER motor neuron lesions

A

bell’s palsy

40
Q

facial nerve palsy caused by LOWER motor neurone lesion presents with?

A

weakness of ipsilateral muscles of facial expression due to loss of innervation to all muscles on the affected side

41
Q

facial nerve palsy caused by UPPER motor neurone lesion presents with?

A

unilateral facial muscle weakness. upper facial muscles partially spared

42
Q

most common cause of UPPER motor neuron lesion

A

stroke

43
Q

what 4 tests can be used to check the vestibulocochlear nerve (nerve 8)

A

whispering
weber
rinnes
turning

44
Q

how does the whispering test work

A

stand behind patient and ask patient to repeat words
mask other ear with rubbing tragus
start at normal volume and reduce to whisper then at 60cm

45
Q

if you detect hearing loss with the weber and rinnes test you should determine if it is sensorineural or

A

conductive

46
Q

how is the turning test done and what are the results

A

ask patient to march on spot
arms outstretched
eyes closed
normal patient stays in same position
vestibular lesion patient will turn towards side with lesion

47
Q

whats the webers test?

A

tuning fork thing on forehead and should hear on both sides
…
determine whether there is a unilateral problem but cant localise

48
Q

normal Rinne’s test result

A

air conduction better than bone conduction

49
Q

how to do Rinnes tets?

A

tuning fork thing on bone behind ear then air by ear…
conductive deafness: bone conduction > air
normal: air> bone

50
Q

cranial nerve 9 and 10 exam (glossopharyngeal and vagus)

A

ask px had difficulty swallowing/ changes to voice or cough
assess speech for dysarthria/ dysphonia
look at palate and uvula and say ah
ask pt to cough
swallow test
gag reflex

51
Q

how are the accessory nerves (11) checked

A
  1. turn cheek in hand - sternocleidomastoid muscle
    palsy = weakness in this
  2. shrug shoulders to assess trapezius muscle
52
Q

cranial nerve 12 exam (hypoglossal)

A

stick out tongue
look for deviation
move from side to side
through check to assess power

53
Q

bells palsy vs stroke in terms of muscle innervation

A

when cortex injured muscle weakness in contralateral lower face only
when facial nerve injured weakness in ipsilateral upper and lower face

bells palsy- eye may remain slightly open when try to close

54
Q

the innervation of the muscles of the upper face originates on both sides of the brain whereas the innervation of the lower face comes from the x side of the brain only

A

opposite

55
Q

what is the coordination of swallowing controlled by?

A

trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus and hypoglossal

56
Q
A

Clinical Skills (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions