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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the order of the 12 cranial nerves?

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

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2
Q

Name the function of each cranial nerve (Sensory, Motor, or Both)

A

Olfactory: Sensory
Optic: Sensory
Oculomotor: Motor
Trochlear: Motor
Trigeminal: Both
Abducens: Motor
Facial: Both
Vestibulocochlear: Sensory
Glossopharyngeal: Both
Vagus: Both
Accessory: Motor
Hypoglossal: Motor

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3
Q

Brain attachment of the Olfactory Nerve

A

Forebrain

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4
Q

Brain attachment of the Optic Nerve

A

Forebrain (Diencephalon)

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5
Q

Brain attachment of the Oculomotor Nerve

A

Brainstem (Midbrain)

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6
Q

Brain attachment of the Trochlear Nerve

A

Brainstem (Dorsal Midbrain)

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7
Q

Brain attachment of the Trigeminal Nerve

A

Brainstem (Pons-Medulla oblongata junction)

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8
Q

Brain attachment of the Abducens Nerve

A

Brainstem (Medulla Oblongata)

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9
Q

Brain attachment of the Facial Nerve

A

Brainstem (Pons-Medulla oblongata junction)

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10
Q

Brain attachment of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve

A

Brainstem (Pons-Medulla oblongata junction)

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11
Q

Brain attachment of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve

A

Brainstem (Medulla oblongata)

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12
Q

Brain attachment of the Vagus Nerve

A

Brainstem (Medulla oblongata)

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13
Q

Brain attachment of the Accessory Nerve

A

Brainstem (Medulla oblongata)

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14
Q

Brain attachment of the Hypoglossal Nerve

A

Brainstem (Medulla oblongata)

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15
Q

Exit from neurocranium of the Olfactory Nerve

A

Cribiform plate

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16
Q

Exit from neurocranium of the
Optic Nerve

A

Optic Foramen

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17
Q

Exit from neurocranium of the
Oculomotor Nerve

A

Orbital Fissure

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18
Q

Exit from neurocranium of the
Trochlear Nerve

A

Orbital Fissue

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19
Q

Exit from neurocranium of the
Trigeminal Nerve

A

Ophthalmic branch: Orbital Fissure
Maxillary Branch: Round Foramen
Mandibular Branch: Oval Foramen

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20
Q

Exit from neurocranium of the
Abducens Nerve

A

Orbital Fissure

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21
Q

Exit from neurocranium of the
Facial Nerve

A

Internal acoustic meatus and exits the skull via the stylomastoid foramen

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22
Q

Exit from neurocranium of the
Vestibulocochlear Nerve

A

Internal acoustic meatus (does not exit the skull)

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23
Q

Exit from neurocranium of the
Glossopharyngeal Nerve

A

Tympano-occipital fissure

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24
Q

Exit from neurocranium of the
Vagus Nerve

A

Tympano-occipital fissure

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25
Exit from neurocranium of the Accessory Nerve
Tympano-occipital fissure
26
Exit from neurocranium of the Hypoglossal Nerve
Hypoglossal canal
27
True or False: Olfaction sensory modality does NOT pass through the thalamus
True
28
Path of the Olfactory Nerve
Olfactory Neurons --> Synapse on Olfactory Bulb Neurons --> Form the Olfactory Tract
29
Where does the lateral olfactory tract synapse?
In the olfactory tubercle sending axons to Piriform Lobe and Limbic System
30
Where does the Medial Olfactory Tract decussate?
Rostral Commissure and passes backwards to the Contralateral Olfactory Bulb
31
What do photoreceptors do?
Detect photons of light and transmit information to bipolar cells
32
What do Bipolar Cells do?
Signal light information to retinal ganglion cells (the latter's axons make the optic nerve and tract)
33
What do amacrine cells and horizontal cells do?
Serve as interneurons between bipolar cells and retinal ganglion cells
34
Path of the Optic Nerve
Axons of retinal ganglion cells are optic nerve before optic chiasm and are optic tract afterwards
35
True or False: All visual information crosses at the optic chiasm
False, only some does
36
Where does information from the optic tract synapse at?
Lateral geniculate nucleus
37
Where do optic radiations synapse at?
Visual Cortex
38
What is a "nerve?"
axon connections in the PNS that are myelinated by Schwann Cells
39
Where does the optic tract signal to?
Superior/Rostral Colliculus (and then to CN III, IV, VI, and VII)
40
What are "tracts?"
axon connections in the CNS that are myelinated by Oligodendrocytes
41
Where do interneurons from the optic tract signal information to?
Parasympathetic Nucleus of CN III
42
Where does the parasympathetic nucleus III receive input from?
Pretectal Nuclei
43
Parasympathetic nucleus III (Oculomotor Nerve) are sent to:
Ciliary ganglion
44
What does ciliary ganglion release onto the sphincter pupillae muscle and what is its effect?
Acetylcholine; Pupillary Constriction
45
What is the final target for parasympathetic nucleus III?
Smooth muscle
46
What is the final target for CN III?
Extraocular Muscles
47
What are the horizontal eye muscle innervated by CN III?
Medial rectus muscle and Lateral rectus muscle
48
What are vertical eye muscles innervated by CN III?
Superior rectus muscle and Inferior rectus muscle
49
What eye muscle is innervated by CN IV?
Superior oblique muscle
50
What eye muscle (besides horizontal and vertical eye muscles) is innervated by CN III?
Inferior oblique muscle
51
List all the eye muscles innervated by CN III and its effect on the muscle
Medial rectus: Adduction Dorsal rectus: Elevation; Adduction & Torsion Ventral rectus: Depression; Adduction & Extorsion Ventral oblique muscle: Extorsion; Abduction & Elevation Levator Palpebrae Superioris: Upper Eyelid Elevation & Upper Eyelid Retraction Retractor Bulbi: Retract eyeball into the orbit
52
What eye muscle is innervated by CN IV and what is its effect on the muscle?
Dorsal Oblique Muscle: Intorsion; Abduction & Depression
53
What eye muscles are innervated by CN VI and what is its effect on the muscle?
Lateral rectus: Abduction Retractor bulbi: Retract eyeball into the orbit
54
What are the branches of CN V?
Ophthalmic Maxillary Mandibular
55
Describe the function of the ophthalmic branch of CN V
Sensory to the cornea and upper eyelid
56
Describe the function of the maxillary branch of CN V
Sensory to the muzzle and lower eyelid
57
Describe the function of the mandibular branch of CN V
Sensory to mandibular skin Motor to masticatory muscles and tensor tympani of middle ear
58
What types of information travels to the muscles of mastication?
Efferent
59
What type of input does the mesencephalic nucleus and tract of CN V receive?
Proprioceptive input (from the muscles of mastication, temporomandibular joint, teeth, and extraocular, facial, and lingual muscles)
60
Where does input about touch and pressure get sent to?
Pontine nucleus
61
Where do collateral axons project to and what are they associated with?
Motor Nuclei; Associated with corneal, palpebral, tongue, and salivary reflexes
62
Where does input related to nociception and temperature from the skin and mucous membranes of the head get sent to?
Spinal Nucleus and Tract of CN V
63
What does the spinal nucleus and tract of CN V continue as and what input do they receive?
Substantia gelatinosa and Dorsolateral fasciculus; Noxious and thermal stimuli
64
How is conscious perception of sensation from the head acheived?
Axons from the sensory nuclear complex form the trigeminal lemniscus, decussate, join with the medial lemniscus and travel via the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex
65
What sensory information does CN VII supply?
Rostral 2/3rds of the tongue Concave surface of pinna
66
What motor information does CN VII supply?
Facial expression muscle and stapedius muscle
67
What autonomic (parasympathetic) information does CN VII supply?
Palatine and Lacrimal Glands Mandibular and Sublingual Salivary Glands
68
What is the correct sequence of the auditory pathway?
Eighth nerve Cochlear nuclei Superior olivary nucleus Lateral lemniscus Inferior colliculus Medial geniculate body Auditory cortex
69
What are the two paths axons of the cell bodies in the cochlear nuclei pass into the medulla?
1) ventrally through the trapezoid body 2) dorsally over the caudal cerebellar peduncle by way of acoustic stria
70
List the four nuclei that are a part of the vestibular pathway
Rostral Vestibular Nucleus Medial Vestibular Nucleus Lateral Vestibular Nucleus Caudal Vestibular Nucleus
71
Where do the vestibular nuclei receive input from?
Vestibulocochlear nerve
72
Where do the vestibular nuclei send output to?
Spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebellum
73
What sensory information does CN IX supply?
Caudal 1/3 of the tongue Pharyngeal and middle ear Carotid bodies
74
What motor information does CN IX supply?
Pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
75
What autonomic motor information does CN IX supply?
Zygomatic and parotid salivary glands
76
What nerves make up the nucleus ambiguus?
CN IX, X, and XI
77
What sensory information does CN X supply?
Pharynx, larynx, and external ear canal General sensory of viscera Baroreceptor and chemoreceptor information from the heart Taste on the root of tongue and epiglottis
78
What motor information does CN X supply?
Pharyngeal, laryngeal, and esophageal muscle
79
What autonomic motor information does CN X supply?
Motor to viscera including cardiac and digestive systems
80
What motor information does CN XI supply?
Essential for head and neck movement Larynx, trapezius, sternocephalicus, and brachiocephalicus muscles
81
What are the two branches of CN XI from?
1) Cranial CN XI branch is continuous with the caudal aspect of the nucleus ambiguus 2) Spinal CN XI branch originates in cell bodies of cervical ventral horn
82
What motor information does CN XII supply?
Control of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

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