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ANA exam 4 > cranial nerves 2 > Flashcards

cranial nerves 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the parasympathetic fibers in the oculomotor nerve supply what? interruption of this causes?

A

sphincter pupillae and ciliary mm. interuption causes dilated pupil and failure to accomodate.

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2
Q

sympathetic fibers of the occulomotor nerve CN III, supply the vessels of the ___ and ___. what is its effect on the pupil?

A

vessels of the eyeball and cornea

dilated pupil is associated with fear.

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3
Q

sensory fibers of the occulomotor n CN III reach the eyeball and cornea via the ____ branch of what nerve?

A

nasociliary branch of the ophthalmic n. the integrity of these fibers is essential for the protection of the delicate corneal epithelium.

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4
Q

what does a lesion of the occulomotor nerve present as>

A

ptosis of the eyelid due to paralysis of levator palpebrae m.
lateral strabismus from the unopposed action of the lateral rectus (CN VI)
dilation of the pupil and loss of accommodation and pupillary contraction on exposure to light due to the paralysis of sphincter pupillae and ciliary m.

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5
Q

CN IV is purely sensory or motor? supplying what?

A

trochlear n, purely motor, supplying the superior oblique muscle.

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6
Q

what is the only cranial nerve to arise from the dorsal aspect of the brain stem?

A

CN IV, trochlear n

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7
Q

lesion of CN IV presents how?

A

leaves the individual unable to turn their eye downwards and laterally

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8
Q

CN IV travels under the free edge of what? and enters the orbit how?

A

free edge of the tentorium cerebelli and enters through the SOF.

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9
Q

what is the largest cranial N?

A

trigeminal nerve

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10
Q

what nerve is the main sensory nerve to the face, scalp, teeth, mouth, and nasal cavity?

A

trigeminal n CN V

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11
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of mastification?

A

CN V

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12
Q

what does CN V turn into after forming the trigeminal ganglion ?

A

three parts

ophthalmic division V1
maxillary division V2
mandibular division V3

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13
Q

where is the trigeminal ganglion located?

A

in the cavum trigeminale.

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14
Q

v1 opthalmic division of CV V is purely?

A

sensory

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15
Q

what branch of the CV V supplies sensory to the cornea, lacrimal gland, conjuctiva, mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, skin of the nose, eyelids, scalp, and forehead?

A

V1 ophthalmic division of CN V

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16
Q

V1 exits the brain stem how? then what does it split into?

A

the SOF

lacrimal nerve, frontal n, and nasociliary n.

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17
Q

what does the lacrimal n innervate?

A

lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, and skin of upper eyelid.

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18
Q

the frontal nerve, a division of V1, divides into two nerves, what are they? what do they supply?

A

the supratrochlear n and the supraorbital n, these supply the eyelid, conjunctiva, and skin of the forehead.

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19
Q

the nasociliary branch innervates what?

A

the nasal mucosa, ethmoidal, and sphenoid sinuses.

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20
Q

what does the nasociliary n communicate with to give postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the ___ ___ _.

A

communicates with the ciliary ganglion passing post ganglionic sympathetic fibers to the short ciliary nn.

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21
Q

both ____ ___ and ____ fibers pass to the ciliary body and iris.

A

post ganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.

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22
Q

further along what branch does the nasociliary n give off that carries postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupillae and afferent fibers to the cornea?

A

long ciliary nerves.

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23
Q

from medial to lateral what is the branching pattern of V1?

A

nasociliary, frontal, and lacrimal.

NFL

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24
Q

V2 maxillary division of CV V is purely ___ to what>

A

sensory supplying the skin over the maxilla, upper teeth, hard and soft palate

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25
Q

V2 maxillary division brings parasympathetic fibers to what? what is the purpose of this structure?

A

the lacrimal gland whose vasomotor action cause the gland to secrete tears to keep the eye moist.

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26
Q

how does V2 exit the cranial cavity?

A

through foramen rotundum .

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27
Q

once v2 passes foramen rotundum, it has entered the?

A

pterygopalantine fossa

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28
Q

to exit the pterygopalatine fossa what foramen does V2 pass?

A

the inferior orbital fissure

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29
Q

within the fossa, what hangs from V2?

A

the pterygopalatine ganglion.

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30
Q

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from what nerve synapse in the pterygopalantine ganglion?

A

the great petrosal nerve from fascial CN VII.

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31
Q

the great petrosal nerve fuses with what nerve to form what?

A

fuses with the deep petrosal nerve which carries postganglionic sympathetic fibers to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal.

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32
Q

both autonomic fibers travel how after the pterygopalatine ganglion to reach the lacrimal gland to supply secretomotor innervation?

A

through the zygomatic n another branch of V2.

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33
Q

what branch of V2 takes foramen rotundum–> pterygopalantine fossa–> inferior orbital fissure and comes out of the infraorbital foramen?

A

the infraorbital N.

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34
Q

what branch of V2 takes foramen rotundum–> pterygopalantine fossa–> inferior orbital fissure–> down through the maxillary sinus to the upper teeth?

A

the superior alveolar Nerves.

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35
Q

what branch of V2 goes through foramen rotundum–> passes through the pterygopalantine ganglion and down through the lesser and greater palantine foramen in the hard palate?

A

the lesser and greater palatine nerves respectively.

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36
Q

V3 mandibular divison of CN V contains what type of fibers?

A

both motor and sensory fibers.

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37
Q

how does V3 mandibular division leave the cranial cavity>

A

through foramen ovale

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38
Q

after passing through forament ovale, V3 descends where?

A

into the infratemporal fossa.

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39
Q

in the infatemporal fossa V3 gives off motor branches to what structures>

A

motor to muscles of mastication: tensor palati, medial pterygoid, tensor tympani mm.

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40
Q

after V3 gives off motor branches in the infratemporal fossa it divides into what>?

A

anterior and posterior divisions.

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41
Q

the anterior division gives rise to what main nerve ?

A

buccal nerve

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42
Q

buccal nerve, a branch of the anterior divsion of V3 in the infratemporal fossa gives ___ to the muscous membrane of the ___

A

sensory to the cheek

43
Q

the anterior division of v3 gives off buccal n and what other branches?

A

motor branches to the remaining muscles of mastication: temporalis, lateral pterygoid, masseter.

44
Q

the posterior division of V3 in the infra-temporal fossa is predominantly ____. except for one exception, what is this exception?

A

sensory.

motor branch called the nerve to the mylohyoid.

45
Q

the n to the mylohyoid innervates what?

A

motor innervation to the anterior belly of the digastric and the mylohyoid.

46
Q

what are the sensory branches of the posterior division of V3 in the infratemporal fossa?

A

the auriculotemporal n, lingual n, inferior alveolar n

47
Q

along what nerve does the n to the mylohyoid hitch a ride on?

A

the inferior alveolar n.

48
Q

what nerve gives sensory to the external ear, parotid gland, and superficial temporal regions?

A

the auriculotemporal n

49
Q

what hitches a ride on the ariculotemporal n?

A

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers coming from the otic ganglion to reach the parotid gland

50
Q

what provides sensory to the anterior 2.3 of the tongue, floor of the mouth and mandibular glands?

A

lingual n

51
Q

the submandibular ganglion is suspended from the lingual n and provides postganglionic parasympathetic stimuli, that hitches along the lingual n, what is this nerve called and where is it from?

A

the chorda tympani from the fascial n. provides innervation to both the submandibular and sublingal glands

52
Q

what does the taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

the chorda tympani from CN VII which meets the lingual n in the infratemporal fossa.

53
Q

how does the inferior alveolar nerve pass into the ramus of the mandible?

A

at the mandibular foramen

54
Q

immediately before going through the mandibular foramen, what motor branch does the inferior alveolar nerve give off?

A

the n to the mylohyoid.

55
Q

what nerve provides sensory to the lower teeth and gums?

A

the inferior alveolar n

56
Q

how does the inferior alveolar nerve terminate?

A

into mental n after it passes through mental foramen

57
Q

what does mental n supply?

A

sensory to the skin over the mandible.

58
Q

CN VI innervates what?

A

motor innervation to a single extraocular muscle. the lateral rectus.

59
Q

what does CN VI run through before going through the ___ to enter the orbit

A

it runs through the cavernous sinus before going through the SOF to enter the orbit.

60
Q

how can infections pass from the face into the cavernous sinus via gravity?

A

through the superior and inferior ophthalmic vv

61
Q

once the infection reaches the cavernous sinus what n is effected and what is the clinical presentation of this?

A

abducens n, patient loses the ability to direct their gaze laterally and the eyeball may have a medially directed appearance due to the unopposed action of the medial rectus bc function of lateral recuts is gone.

62
Q

as an infection continues to spread past CN VI, it will enter the dural wall of the sinus and effect what nerves? resulting in?

A

CN III, IV resulting in the frozen eyeball, incapable of movement in any direction.

63
Q

facial nerves has what type of roots?

A

both motor and sensory

64
Q

what nerve gives motor innervation to the stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric and muscles of fascial expression?

A

CN VII

65
Q

how do the roots of the fascial nerve exit the cranial cavity>

A

via the internal acoustic meatus

66
Q

once in the internal acoustic meatus the fascial n takes a sharp turn and exits inferiorly at what?

A

the stylomastoid foramen

67
Q

within the temporal bone of fascial nerve gives off what branches?

A

the greater petrosal nerve (preganglionic fibers), nerve to the stapedius m, and chorda tympani

68
Q

the greater and deep petrosal nerves merge to form what? together what do they pierce?

A

the nerve of the pterygoid canal and their pierce the foramen lacerum.

69
Q

what fibers are found in the greater and deep petrosal n?

A

the greater: preganglionic parasympathetic

deep: post ganglionic sympathetic

70
Q

how is the sympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands regulated?

A

by vasoconstriction of blood flow.

less blood flow, the more saliva produced

71
Q

CN VIII is a purely ?

A

sensory nerve

72
Q

how does CN VIII exit the cranial cavity?

A

through the internal acoustic meatus.

73
Q

once in the temporal bone, CN VIII divides into what?

A

the vestibular n (balance) and cochlear n (hearing)

74
Q

CN IX has what fibers in it?

A

motor, sensory, and pregnaglionic parasympathetic fibers.

75
Q

where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fiber from CN IX go to?

A

the otic ganglion.

76
Q

where does the CN IX leave the cranial cavity?

A

jugular foramen

77
Q

what do the motor fiber of CN IX innervate?

A

the stylopharyngeus

78
Q

what nerve provides the sensory and taste of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, tonsils, soft palate and the pharynx?

A

the glossopharyngeal n

79
Q

what nerve split around an A in the infratemporal fossa

? what is the name of the artery

A

the auricuotemporal n splits around the middle meningeal a.

80
Q

a sensory branch of what nerve goes down along the internal carotid a to supply the carotid sinus (baroreceptor) and the carotid body (chemoreceptor)?

A

a sensory branch from CN IX

81
Q

what is the path of the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers associated with CN IX ?

A

pre ganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel through the lesser petrosal n to go to the otic ganglion synapse and then post ganglionic fibers travel to the parotid gland to stimulate secretion

82
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland is ______ and leads to what? sympathetic innervation leads to?

A

vasomotor leads to water rich serous saliva secretion.

symp: leads to production of low volume, enzyme rich saliva.

83
Q

How does CN X exit the cranial cavity?

A

the jugular foramen

84
Q

the vagus nerve has what type of ribers?

A

motor, sensory, and parasympathetic

85
Q

what nerve supplies motor fibers to the voluntary m of the larynx and pharynx?

A

CN X

86
Q

what is the principal motor nerve of the pharynx, that innervates all the muscles of the phayrnx and soft palate? this has one exception, what is it?

A

the pharyngeal plexus

exception: innervates all phayrnx m except the tensor palate and that it the CN V V3 division

87
Q

what are the branches of the vagus nerve?

A

the vagus nerve comes out of the jugular foramen, gives off the pharyngeal branch, then gives rise to the superior laryngeal branch, and the recurrent laryngeal branch.

88
Q

what are the addtional branches of the superior laryngeal branch of the CN X?

A

internal laryngeal n and external laryngeal n

89
Q

what does the internal laryngeal provide sensory to?

A

the larynx above the vocal cords.

90
Q

what does the external laryngeal n provide ?

A

motor to the cricothyroid m

91
Q

the recurrent laryngeal nerve provides what type of innervation to what? exception?

A

motor innervation to all muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid and supply sensory innervation to the mucosa below the vocal cords

92
Q

where does CN X supplt preganglionic parasympathetic branches to?

A

the thorax and abdomen all the way to mid transverse colon.

93
Q

where does CN XI arise?

A

spinal rootlets of c1-5/6

94
Q

the rootlets of CN XI come together and pass through the?

A

foramen magnum,

95
Q

how does CN XI leave the cranial cavity?

A

the jugular foreman

96
Q

CN XI provides motor innervation to what

A

the trapezius and SCM

97
Q

CN XII provides motor innervation to what?

A

motor to the tongue, innervating all the intrinsic and extrinsic m including the stylkoglossus, hyoglossus, and genioglossus

98
Q

how does CN XII leave the cranial cavity?

A

through the hypoglossal canal

99
Q

what fiber hitches a ride on CN XII? to form what

A

c1 via CN XII becomes descendens hypoglossi to ansa cervicalis to ascendings cervical

100
Q

all muscles of the tongue are innervated by what? what is the exception?

A

the hypoglossal n CN XII

exception: palatoglossus which is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus via CN X

101
Q

all the muscles of the soft palate are innervated by what? exception?

A

all innervated by the pharyngeal plexus via the vagus nerve except the tensor palati which is innervated by the mandibular division V3

102
Q

all muscles of the pharynx are innervated by what? exception?

A

all innervated by the pharyngeal plexus CN X except the stylopharyngeus which gets motor innervation form the CN IX

103
Q

all the muscles of the larynx are innervated by? exception’/

A

all innervated by the recurrent laryngeal n except the cricothyroid and that is innervated by the external laryngeal n

104
Q

sensory innervation above the vocal folds is done by?below the fold?

A

internal laryngeal n above

below: recurrent laryngeal

ANA exam 4 (4 decks)

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