Cranial Nerves

Question 0

What does the olfactory nerve pass through?

Answer 0

The cribriform plate.

Question 1

What is the name of CN I?

Answer 1

Olfactory nerve

Question 2

What does the olfactory nerve pass thru in the equine and the bovine?

Answer 2

The cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb

Question 3

What type of innervation does CN I provide?

Answer 3

Sensory (smell) from olfactory epithelium

Question 4

What is the name of CN II?

Answer 4

The optic nerve

Question 5

What does CN II pass thru?

Answer 5

The optic canal

Question 6

In the equine and bovine, what does the optic nerve pass thru?

Answer 6

The optic canal

Question 7

What type of innervation does CN II provide?

Answer 7

Sensory (vision) from retina

Question 8

What is the name of CN III?

Answer 8

Occulomotor nerve

Question 9

What type of innervation does CN III provide?

And what does it supply?

Answer 9

Motor:
To dorsal, ventral, and medial, rectus mm. (DVM)
To ventral oblique m,
To levator palpebrae superioris
PNS:
To iris sphincter mm. (pupillary constriction)

Question 10

What does the occulomotor nerve pass thru?

Answer 10

The orbital fissure

Question 11

What does CN III pass thru in the bovine and the equine?

Answer 11

Equine: orbital fissure
Bovine: foramen orbitorotundum

Question 12

What is the name of CN IV?

Answer 12

The trochlear nerve

Question 13

What type of innervation does CN IV provide?

What does it innervate?

Answer 13

Motor.

The dorsal oblique m.

Question 14

What does CN IV pass thru?

Answer 14

The orbital fissure

Question 15

What is “special” about the trochlear nerve?

Answer 15

It has complete decussation. Meaning, the right CN IV innervates the left dorsal oblique muscle, and vice versa.

Question 16

What does CN IV pass thru in the equine?

In the bovine?

Answer 16

Equine: orbital fissure
Bovine: foramen orbitorotundum

Question 17

What is the name of CN V?

Answer 17

Trigeminal nerve

Question 18

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

And what type of innervation do they provide?

Answer 18

Ophthalmic: sensory
Maxillary: sensory
Mandibular: sensory and motor

Question 19

What does the ophthalmic branch of CN V innervate?

Answer 19

Sensory from globe, periorbita, nasal mucosa, and medial aspect of palpebrae

Question 20

What does the maxillary branch of CN V innervate?

Answer 20

Sensory from upper lip, nasal mucosa, and lateral aspect of palpebrae

Question 21

What does the mandibular branch of CN V innervate?

Answer 21

Sensory: lower jaw, tongue ( taste and touch from rostral 2/3), and auriculotemporal area
Motor: muscles of mastication

Question 22

What do the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve pass thru?

Answer 22

Ophthalmic: orbital fissure
Maxillary: round foramen and rostral alar foramen
Mandibular: oval foramen

Question 23

What is the termination of the maxillary nerve and what does it pass thru?

Answer 23

The infraorbital nerve

The infraorbital foramen

Question 24

What are the 5 branches of the mandibular nerve? | What do the unnamed branches of the mandibular branch innervate?

Answer 24

``` Lingual Inferior alveolar Mylohyoid Auriculotemporal Buccal nn They innervate the mm of mastication: Masseter, temporalis, pterygoid, and rostral belly of digastricus mm ```

Question 25

What is the name of CN VI?

Answer 25

The abducens nerve

Question 26

What type of innervation does the abducens nerve supply? | Who does it innervate?

Answer 26

Motor. | Lateral rectus and retractor bulbi mm

Question 27

What does CN VI pass thru?

Answer 27

The orbital fissure

Question 28

What is the name of CN VII? | What type of innervation does it provide?

Answer 28

Facial nerve | Motor, sensory, and PNS

Question 29

Who does CN VII provide motor innervation to?

Answer 29

Muscles of facial expression: platysma, levator nasolabialis, etc, and caudal bell of the digastricus. Important with CN V damage.

Question 30

Who does CN VII provide sensory innervation to?

Answer 30

Rostral 2/3 of the tongue, so it's taste innervation

Question 31

Who does CN VII provide PNS innervation to?

Answer 31

The salivary and lacrimal glands

Question 32

What does CN VII pass thru? 2 structures.

Answer 32

Stylomastoid foramen (motor) and internal acoustic meatus

Question 33

What are the 3(4) branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 33

Dorsal buccal Ventral buccal Auriculopapebral (rostral auricular and palpebral) nn

Question 34

What is the name of CN VIII?

Answer 34

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 35

What type of innervation does CN VIII provide?

Answer 35

Sensory for hearing and balance

Question 36

What does CN VIII pass thru?

Answer 36

Internal acoustic meatus

Question 37

What is the name for CN IX?

Answer 37

Glossopharyngeal nerve.

Question 38

What type of innervation does CN IX provide?

Answer 38

Sensory, motor, and PNS

Question 39

To what does CN IX provide sensory innervation?

Answer 39

Tongue ( touch/taste from caudal 1/3) and pharyngeal mucosa (touch)

Question 40

To what does CN IX provide motor innervation?

Answer 40

The pharynx mm

Question 41

To what does CN IX provide PNS innervation?

Answer 41

Parotid and mucosal glands

Question 42

Thru what does CN IX pass?

Answer 42

Jugular foramen and tympano-ccipital fissure

Question 43

What is the name of CN X?

Answer 43

Vagus nerve

Question 44

What type of innervation does CN X provide?

Answer 44

Sensory (~70%), motor, and PNS

Question 45

To what does CN X provide sensory innervation?

Answer 45

(General, Visceral, Afferent) | Epiglottis, ear canal, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, thoracic and abdominal viscera

Question 46

To what does CN X provide motor innervation?

Answer 46

Pharynx and esophagus

Question 47

To what does CN X provide PNS innervation?

Answer 47

Heart, lungs, abdomen

Question 48

Thru what does CN X pass?

Answer 48

Jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure

Question 49

What is the name of CN XI?

Answer 49

(Spinal) Accessory nerve

Question 50

What type of innervation does CN XI provide?

Answer 50

Motor

Question 51

What mm does CN XI provide motor innervation to?

Answer 51

Trapezius, omotransversarius, mastoid part of sternocephalicus, cleidocephalicus mm, and cervical part of cleidocephalicus m. Also motor to larynx via recurrent laryngeal n.

Question 52

Thru what does CN XI pass?

Answer 52

Jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure

Question 53

What is the name of CN XII?

Answer 53

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 54

What type of innervation does CN XII provide?

Answer 54

Motor

Question 55

To what does CN XII provide motor innervation?

Answer 55

Extrinsic and intrinsic mm of the tongue

Question 56

Thru what does CN XII pass?

Answer 56

Hypoglossal canal

Question 57

What nerves (4), veins (2), and artery pass thru the tympano-occipital fissure?

Answer 57

Vagus n, accessory n, glossophayngeal n, and sympathic postganglionic axons from the cranial cervical ganglion Vertebral and internal jugular vv Internal carotid artery

Question 58

What nerve passes thru the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 58

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 59

What nerve passes thru the Stylomastoid foramen?

Answer 59

Facial nerve

Question 60

What nerve(s) pass thru the optic canal?

Answer 60

The optic nerve

Question 61

What nerves pass thru the orbital fissure?

Answer 61

Occulomotor, trochlear, abducent, and ophthalmic nn

Question 62

What artery and nerve pass thru the rostral alar foramen?

Answer 62

Maxillary artery and nerve

Question 63

What nerve passes thru the oval foramen?

Answer 63

Mandibular nerve

Question 64

What structure passes thru the musculotubal canal?

Answer 64

Auditory tube

Question 65

What artery passes thru the foramen lacerum?

Answer 65

Loop of the internal carotid artery