Cranial nerves

Question 1

Where does n. II exit the brain, dura and skull?

Answer 1

brain: chiasma opticum

Question 2

n. II

type + innervation

Answer 2

n. opticus
= sensory

• retina

Question 3

n. VI

type + innervation

Answer 3

n. abducens
= motor

• m. rectus lateralis

Question 4

n. XI

type + innervation

Answer 4

n. accessorius
= motor

• m. trapezius, m. sternocleidomastoideus

Question 5

n. IX

type + innervation

Answer 5

n. glossopharyngeus
= both: sensory + motor

• post. taste
• mm. of larynx → swallowing
• parotid

Question 6

n. VIII

type + innervation

Answer 6

n. vestibulocochlearis
= sensory

• cochlea
• vestibular system

Question 7

Where does n. X exit the brain, dura and skull?

Answer 7

brain: in sulcus paraolivaris lateralis (below n. IX)

_{same dural and cranial exit as n. IX, XI}

Question 8

n. IV

type + innervation

Answer 8

n. trochlearis
= motor

• m. obliquus sup.

Question 9

Where does n. XII exit the brain, dura and skull?

Answer 9

brain: in sulcus paraolivaris medialis

Question 10

n. X

type + innervation

Answer 10

n. vagus
= both: sensory + motor

• main n. of parasymp. → regulation many organs

Question 11

Where does n. IX exit the brain, dura and skull?

Answer 11

brain: in sulcus paraolivaris lateralis (superiorly)

_{same dural and cranial exit as n. X, XI}

Question 12

Acronym cranial nn.

Answer 12

• *O**h Oh Oh To Tickle A Female’s Vagina
• *G**ave Victor A Hard-on
• Oh = I = Olfactory
• Oh = II Optic
• Oh = III Oculomotor
• To = IV Trochlear
• Tickle = V Trigeminal
• A = VI Abducens
• Female’s = VII Facial
• Vagina = VIII Vestibulocochlear
• Gave = IX Glossopharyngeal
• Victor = X Vagus
• A = XI Accessory
• Hard-on = XII Hypoglossal

Question 13

n. XII

type + innervation

Answer 13

n. hypoglossus
= motor

• mm. of tongue

Question 14

Where does n. IV exit the brain, dura and skull?

Answer 14

brain: below culliculus inf., both sides of frenulum of velum medullare sup.

BUT: only cranial n. that exits DORSALLY

Question 15

Where does n. III exit the brain, dura and skull?

Answer 15

brain: sulcus oculomotorius (= sulcus medialis cruris cerebri) in fossa interpeduncularis btw a. cerebralis post./a. cerebellaris sup.

Question 16

Where does n. VIII exit the brain, dura and skull?

Answer 16

brain: btw pons and brachium pontis, posteriorly -
in angulus pontocerebellaris, lat. from n. VII

_{same dural and cranial exit as n. VII}

Question 17

Where does n. I exit the brain, dura and skull?

Answer 17

brain: bulbus olfactorius

Question 18

n. VII

type + innervation

Answer 18

n. facialis
= both: sensory + motor

• mm. of facial expression
• m. stapedius
• 2/3 ant. taste
• all glands in head exc. parotid

Question 19

n. V

type + division + innervation

Answer 19

n. trigeminus
= both: sensory + motor

n. V/1: n. ophthalmicus
n. V/2: n. maxillaris
n. V/3: n. mandibularis

• sensory face
• mastication

Question 20

Which cranial nerves are not considered as “real”?

Answer 20

n. I and n. II are extensions of brain

n. opticus has own dura + glia

Question 21

Where does n. XI exit the brain, dura and skull?

Answer 21

• cranial roots of n. IX:* in sulcus paraolivaris lateralis (inferiorly) -
• cervical/spinal roots of n. IX:* spinal segments C1 - 6

_{same dural and cranial exit as n. IX, X}

Question 22

Where does n. VII exit the brain, dura and skull?

Answer 22

brain: btw pons and brachium pontis, posteriorly -
in angulus pontocerebellaris

_{same dural/cranial exit as n. VIII}

Question 23

Where does n. VI exit the brain, dura and skull?

Answer 23

brain: at pontomedullary junction, on both sides of foramen cecum

t

Question 24

Where does n. V exit the brain, dura and skull?

Answer 24

btw pons and brachium pontis, anteriorly -
larger, sensory root inferiorly, motor root superiorly

Question 25

n. I: type + innervation

Answer 25

**n. olfactorius** = sensory * nose

Question 26

n. III type + innervation

Answer 26

**n. oculomotorius** = motor * eye motion, iris, m. levator palpebrae superioris