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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of CNI?

A

Special sensory (smell)

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2
Q

What is the function of CNII?

A

Special sensory (vision)

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3
Q

What is the function of CNIII?

A

Motor (eye movement)

Parasympathetic (pupil constriction)

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4
Q

What is the function of CNIV?

A

Motor (superior oblique)

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5
Q

What is the function of CNV1?

A

Sensory

  • upper eyelid
  • cornea
  • conjunctiva
  • skin of tip of nose
  • bones and soft tissue of orbit
  • upper anterior nasal cavity
  • paranasal sinuses
  • cranial fossa
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6
Q

What is the function of CNV2?

A

Sensory

  • skin of lower eyelid
  • over maxilla
  • skin and mucosa of upper lip
  • lower posterior nasal cavity
  • maxilla and maxillary teeth
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7
Q

What is the function of CNV3?

A

Sensory

  • skin over mandible and TMJ
  • middle cranial fossa
  • mandible
  • anterior 2/3rd of tongue
  • floor of mouth
  • buccal mucosa
  • mandibular teeth

Motor

  • masseter
  • temporalis
  • medial pterygoid
  • lateral pterygoid
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8
Q

What is the function of CNVI?

A

Motor (lateral rectus)

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9
Q

What is the function of CNVII?

A

Special sensory (taste to anterior 2/3rd tongue via chorda tympani)

Motor (stapedius)

Parasympathetic (submandibular and sublingual glands)

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10
Q

What is the function of CNVIII?

A

Special sensory (hearing and balance)

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11
Q

What is the function of CNIX?

A

Special sensory (taste to vallate papillae - posterior 1/3rd of tongue)

Sensory (pharyngeal mucosa, palatine tonsil, Eustachian tube, middle ear cavity)

Motor (stylopharyngeus)

Visceral afferent (carotid sinus baroreceptors and carotid body chemoreceptors)

Parasympathetic (parotid gland)

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12
Q

What is the function of CNX?

A

Sensory
Motor
Visceral Afferent
Parasympathetic

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13
Q

What is the function of CNXI?

A

Motor (SCM and trapezius)

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14
Q

What is the function of CNXII?

A

Motor (muscles of tongue - genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus - except palatoglossus)

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15
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNI

A

Olfactory mucosa in nasal cavity

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16
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNII

A

Retinal neurones travel posteriorly (via optic nerve) through the orbit

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17
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNIII

A

Extraoccular muscles

Parasympathetics synapse in ciliary ganglion

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18
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNIV

A

Superior oblique

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19
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNV1

A

Superficial and deep structures of face towards cranial foramen

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20
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNV2

A

Superficial and deep structures of face towards cranial foramen

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21
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNV3

A

Sensory - from superficial and deep structures of the face towards cranial foramen

Motor - from foramen ovale to skeletal muscle

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22
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNVI

A

Lateral rectus

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23
Q

Describe the extracranial part of CNVII

A

Somatic motor axons pass into parotid gland then branch into 5

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24
Q

What are the 5 branches of facial nerve?

A 
Temporal 
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
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25
Describe the extracranial part of CNVIII
From cochlear and vestibular apparatus
26
Describe the extracranial part of CNIX
Descends to pharynx and mouth
27
Describe the extracranial part of CNX
Supplies structures between palate and midgut Runs within carotid sheath Left recurrent laryngeal - under arch of aorta Right recurrent laryngeal - under right subclavian artery
28
Describe the extracranial part of CNXI
Axons supply SCM on deep surface Then continue across posterior triangle to supply trapezius
29
Describe the extracranial part of CNXII
Descends lateral to carotid sheath | Turns anteriorly at level of hyoid
30
What is the cranial foramina of CNI?
Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone in anterior cranial fossa
31
What is the cranial foramina of CNII?
Optic canal in middle cranial fossa
32
What is the cranial foramina of CNIII?
Superior orbital fissure
33
What is the cranial foramina of CNIV?
Superior orbital fissure
34
What is the cranial foramina of CNV1?
Superior orbital fissure
35
What is the cranial foramina of CNV2?
Foramen rotundum
36
What is the cranial foramina of CNV3?
Foramen ovale
37
What is the cranial foramina of CNVI?
Superior orbital fissure
38
What is the cranial foramina of CNVII?
Petrous part of temporal bone In via internal acoustic meatus Out via stylomastoid foramen
39
What is the cranial foramina of CNVII?
Internal acoustic meatus in posterior cranial fossa
40
What is the cranial foramina of CNIX?
Jugular foramen
41
What is the cranial foramina of CNX?
Jugular foramen
42
What is the cranial foramina of CNXI?
Jugular foramen in posterior cranial fossa
43
What is the cranial foramina of CNXII?
Hypoglossal canal in posterior cranial fossa
44
Describe the intracranial part of CNI
Nerves synapse in olfactory bulb
45
Describe the intracranial part of CNII
Optic chiasm forms the optic tract
46
Describe the intracranial part of CNIII
Travels to orbit in lateral wall of cavernous sinus
47
Describe the intracranial part of CNIV
Travels to orbit in lateral wall of cavernous sinus
48
Describe the intracranial part of CNV1
Inferior to edge of tentorium cerebelli between posterior and middle cranial fossae
49
Describe the intracranial part of CNV2
Inferior to edge of tentorium cerebelli between posterior and middle cranial fossae
50
Describe the intracranial part of CNV3
Inferior to edge of tentorium cerebelli between posterior and middle cranial fossae
51
Describe the intracranial part of CNVI
Travels to orbit within the cavernous sinus
52
Describe the intracranial part of CNVII
Directly into internal acoustic meatus in the posterior cranial fossa
53
Describe the intracranial part of CNVIII
Travels posteriomedially from internal acoustic meatus to the pontomedullary junction
54
Describe the intracranial part of CNIX
Directly towards jugular foramen in posterior cranial fossa
55
Describe the intracranial part of CNX
Directly towards jugular foramen in the posterior cranial fossa
56
Describe the intracranial part of CNXI
Ascends through foramen magnum then travels towards the jugular foramen
57
Describe the intracranial part of CNXII
Anteriorly to hypoglossal canal
58
What is the CNS connection of CNI?
Pass through olfactory tract to cortical areas
59
What is the CNS connection of CNII?
Diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
60
What is the CNS connection of CNIII?
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
61
What is the CNS connection of CNIV?
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
62
What is the CNS connection of CNV1?
Pons
63
What is the CNS connection of CNV2?
Pons
64
What is the CNS connection of CNV3?
Pons
65
What is the CNS connection of CNVI?
Pontomedullary junction
66
What is the CNS connection of CNVII?
Anterolateral at pontomedullary junction
67
What is the CNS connection of CNVIII?
Pontomedullary junction
68
What is the CNS connection of CNIX?
Lateral aspect of superior medulla oblongata
69
What is the CNS connection of CNX?
Lateral aspect of medulla oblongata (inferior to CNIX)
70
What is the CNS connection of CNXI?
Cervical spinal cord
71
What is the CNS connection of CNXII?
Via many rootlets lateral to the pyramids of the medulla oblongata
72
How do you test for CNI?
Ask patient to smell something
73
How do you test for CNII?
1. Acuity - Snellen 2. Colour - Ishihara plates 3. Fields - 4 quadrants 4. Reflexes - corneal and pupillary light 5. Fundoscopy
74
How do you test for CNIII?
Use light to check for pupillary constriction
75
How do you test for CNIV?
H test
76
How do you test for CNV1?
Patient closes eyes, gently brush skin of forehead, upper eyelid and tip of nose
77
How do you test for CNV2?
Patient closes eyes, gently brush mid-cheek, lower eyelid, upper lip and nostril of nose
78
How do you test for CNV3?
Sensory - Patient closes eyes, gently brush mid-cheek, lower lip and chin Motor - palpate strength of contraction of masseter and temporalis by getting patient to clench their teeth. Also ask patient to open their jaw against resistance
79
How do you test for CNVI?
H test
80
How do you test for CNVII?
Ask patient to: 1. Raise eyebrows (frontalis) 2. Close eyes tightly (orbicularis oculi) 3. Smile (lip elevators) 4. Puff out cheeks and hold air (orbicularis oris)
81
How do you test for CNVIII?
Rinne and Weber tests
82
How do you test for CNIX?
Gag reflex
83
How do you test for CNX?
``` Patient says ah (motor function of uvula) Patient swallows (pharyngeal muscles) Listen to speech (laryngeal muscles) ```
84
How do you test for CNXI?
Patient shrugs shoulders then turns head to flex neck (both sides)
85
How do you test for CNXII?
Patient sticks out tongue

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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