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Head and Neck > Cranial nerves 7-12 > Flashcards

Cranial nerves 7-12 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is CNVII?

A

facial nerve

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2
Q

Where does CNVII originate?

A

lower pons

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3
Q

What is the route of CNVII?

A

power pons –> petrous bone via internal acoustic meatus –> 3 branches within the petrous bone –> exits through stylomastoid foramen

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4
Q

What does CN VII supply?

A

muscles of facial expression

  • stapedius muscles
  • digastirc muscles and stylohyoid
  • lacrimal glands (tears)
  • mucosal glands in nose and roof of mouth
  • salivary glands - NOT PAROTID
  • anterior 2/3 of tongue (TASTE)
  • sensory to small area of external ear
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5
Q

What is the function of stapedius?

A

dampens down vibration of stapes

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6
Q

What fibres does CNVII carry?

A

SVE
GVE
SVA
GSA

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7
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

A
  • Special sensory
  • parasympathetic
  • motor
  • general sensory
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8
Q

What functions are special sensory?

A

taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

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9
Q

What functions are autonomic?

A

-glands

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10
Q

What functions are motor?

A

muscles of facial expression and stapedius

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11
Q

What function are general sensory?

A

small area of external ear

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12
Q

What nerve gives the ability of the tongue to feel temperature and pain (general sensory)?

A

trigeminal nerve mandibular division CN Vc

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13
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurones found?

A

in the geniculate ganglion outside of the brainstem in the petrous bone

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14
Q

What branch of the facial nerve arise in the petrous bone?

A
  • greater petrosal nerve
  • chorda tympani
  • nerve to stapedius

then passes through sytlomastoid foramen and gives the 5 branches TZBMC

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15
Q

What does the greater petrosal nerve carry?

A

parasympathetics to lacrimal glands, nasal glands and glands of the palate

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16
Q

What does the chordates tympani nerve carry?

A
  • carries special sensory taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
  • autonomcs to the salivary galnds
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17
Q

What does the nerve to stapedius carry?

A

nerve innervation to the stapedius to dampen down the vibrations the stapes bone gets

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18
Q

How do you test the facial nerve?

A
  • muscles of facial expression
  • corneal reflex
  • can present with variety of signs and symptoms depending on where along the nerve route the pathology lies
  • need to ask for presence and absence of certain things (taste, dry eyes, hyperacusis)
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19
Q

What pathologies can involve the facial nerve?

A

-middle ear pathology

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20
Q

What are the 2 limbs of the corneal reflex?

A

afferent - Va

efferent - facial nerve - supplies obicularis oculi

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21
Q

What is bells palsy?

A

compression or damage to the facial nerve causing paralysis of the facial muscles on one side of the face

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22
Q

What could happen if the parotid gland became swollen?

A

compress the extrocranial branches of the facial nerve

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23
Q

What is CNVIII?

A

vestibulocochlear

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24
Q

Where does CNVIII originate?

A

pons

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25
What is the route of CNVIII?
takes signals from cochlea and vestibular system and becomes the vestibulocohlear nerve -->internal acoustic meatus --> lower pons
26
What is the function fo CN VIII?
special sensory - hearing and balance
27
What fibres does CNVIII carry?
SSA
28
What does CNVIII supply?
semicircular canals, cochlear
29
How could you test CNVIII?
- crude hearing test | - enquire about balance
30
What could cause hearing loss? (sensorineural)
-damage involving cochlea, cochleae component of vestibulocochlear nerve
31
What is presbyacusis?
old-age related hearing loss
32
What could cause vertigo?
pathology involving semicircular canals
33
What is an acoustic neurone?
benign tumour involving CNVIII -tumours of the Schwann cells - their presence causes compression of the whole nerve (an potentially nerves near by - facial nerve and trigeminal nerve)
34
What are the symptoms with acoustic neuromas?
- unilateral hearing loss - tinnitus - vertigo - numbness, pain or weakness down one half of the face
35
What is CN IX?
the glossopharyngeal nerve
36
What is the origin of CN IX?
medulla
37
What is the route of CN IX?
travels from medulla --> jugular foramen --> through carotid sheath --> leaves quite high up
38
What are the fibres that are carried by CN IX?
SVE GVA GSA GVE
39
What are the functions of CN IX?
General sensation, special sensory, autonomic, motor
40
What is the motor function of CN IX?
-SVE fibres carry innervation to the stylopharynges muscle - assists in swallowin
41
What is the special sensory function of CN IX?
taste and general sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
42
What is the general sensation function of CN IX?
- palatine tonsils and oropharynx - middle ear and tympanic membrane - sensory to carotid sinus and body (BP, pO2, PCO2)
43
What is the autonomic function of the CN IX?
innervation to the parotid gland
44
How do you test the CN IX?
- isolated regions are rare - tested in conjunction with vagus nerve (ask patients to swallow) - sensory limb of gag reflex
45
When would you test the gag reflex?
only if concerns around swallowing and integrity of the nerves involved in this reflex
46
What is CNX?
the vagus nerve
47
Where does CNX originate?
medulla
48
What is the route of CNX?
Medulla --> jugular foramen --> carotid sheath --> through neck into thorax and abdomen
49
What is the function of CNX?
- general sensory - motor - autonomic
50
What does CNX supply?
- sensory to lower pharynx and larynx - sensory to small part of external ear and tympanic membrance - muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx - autonomic to thoracic (heart) and abdominal viscera
51
What does the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves turn under?
left - arch of aorta | right - right subclavian
52
How do you test for CNX ?
- listen to speech, cough, ability to swallow - movement of uvula and soft palate when saying aah - efferent limb of the gag reflex
53
What could injuries to its branches cause and when would it happen?
hoarseness and dysphonia | -injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery
54
What nerve fibres does CNX carry?
``` GVE GVA SVE SVA GSA ```
55
What is CN XI?
Spinal accessory nerve
56
What is the function of CNXI?
motor
57
What muscles does CNXI supply?
trapezius and SCM
58
What is the origin and route of CNXI?
medulla --> jugular foramen -->carotid sheath --> exits to pass deep to SCM -->across posterior triangle to enter trapezius
59
How is CN XI formed?
rootlets from the cervical spine and brain stem collect to form CN XI
60
How do you test CN XI?
- shrug shoulders against resistance | - turn head against resistancy
61
When is CN XI vulnerable?
-lymph node biopsies, surgery and stab wounds (quite superficial in the posterior traingle)
62
What nerve fibres run in CNXI?
GSE | SVE
63
What is CN XII?
hypoglossal nerve
64
Where does CN XII originate?
medulla
65
What is the route of CN XII?
medulla --> hypoglossal canal --> runs medial to the angle of the mandible and crosses internal and external carotid arteries in the neck
66
What is the function of CNXII?
motor
67
What does CNXII supply?
muscles of the tongue (except one) | -change shape of tongue, protract, retract, elevate
68
How do you test CNXII?
-inspection and movement of tongue
69
What could pathology relating to CNXII include?
-weakness and atrophy of the tongue muscles on ipsilateral side

Head and Neck (13 decks)

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