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Cranial nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

The cranial nerves are covered with a sheath derived from?

A

Cranial meninges

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2
Q

What CN goes through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve CN II

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3
Q

What CN go through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor CN III
Trochlear CN IV
Abducens CN VI
Ophthalmic of trigeminal CN V

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4
Q

What CN goes through the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary of trigeminal CN V

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5
Q

What CN goes through foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular of trigeminal CN V

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6
Q

What CN goes through internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial CN VII

Vestibulocohlear CN VIII

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7
Q

What CN goes through jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal CN IX
Vagus CN X
Accessory CN XI

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8
Q

What CNs come from the midbrain? pons? medulla?

A

midbrain: III & IV
pons: V
medulla: VI to XII

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9
Q

1st branchial arch

A

Trigeminal CN V

  • mm. of mastication
  • ant. of digastric, mylohyoid
  • tensor tympani
  • tensor veli palatini
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10
Q

2nd branchial arch

A

Facial CN VII

  • mm. facial expression
  • post. digastric, stylohyoid
  • stapedius
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11
Q

3rd branchial arch

A

Glossopharyngeal CNIX

-stylopharyngeus

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12
Q

4th branchial arch

A

Vagus CNX and accessory CNXI (just cranial root)

-mm. palate, pharynx, larynx, sup. oesophag.

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13
Q

anosmia

A

loss of sense of smell

-old age, head injury, cribriform plate fractures, meningiomas in anterior cranial fossa

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14
Q

papillodema

A

increased intracranial pressure causes the part of the optic disc to swell
-compresses the central vein

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15
Q

Lesion of the right optic nerve causes what?

A

Right monocular blindness

can’t see out of right eye

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16
Q

Longitudinal lesion of the optic chiasm causes what?

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia (lost peripheral vision)

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17
Q

Lesion of the right optic tract causes what?

A

Left homonymous Hemianopsia (no left field of vision from both eyeballs)

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18
Q

What are the 4 extra-ocular muscles innervated by oculomotor nerve?

A

superior, medial, inferior rectus

inferior oblique

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19
Q

What is herpes zoster opthalmicus, and what does it have to do with cranial nerves?

A
  • reactivation of the childhood chicken pox virus (varicella zoster) along the ophthalmic division of trigeminal
  • vesicular rash or dermatitis
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20
Q

What is the relationship of the vagus CN and the major arteries?

A

it wraps under aorta on L side, and under subclavian on R side

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21
Q

Where does olfactory CN emerge from?

A

limbic lobe

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22
Q

Where are the cell bodies of olfactory CN?

A

olfactory epithelium

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23
Q

Clinical implications of olfactory CN

A

anosmia

olfactory halluciations

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24
Q

Where does optic CN emerge from?

A

primary visual cortex in occipital lobe (passing through visual area of thalamus first)

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25
Where are the cell bodies of optic CN?
optic nerve (made of retinal ganglion and support cells)
26
Clinical implications of the optic CN
papiloderma | lesions of optic tract, nerve or chiasm
27
Where does the oculomotor CN emerge from?
midbrain --> lateral wall of cavernous sinus
28
Where are the cell bodies of the oculomotor nerve?
GSE- midbrain | GVE- midbrain and ciliary ganglion
29
What are the functions of the oculomotor CN?
GSE- 4 extra-oc. mm, levator palpabele superioris | GVE- sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscles
30
Clinical implications of oculomotor nerve
Eye will look towards week muscle | lazy eye
31
Where does the trochlear nerve emerge from?
dorsal midbrain -> pierces dura -> lateral wall of cavernous sinus
32
Where are the cell bodies of trochlear CN?
midbrain
33
Functions of the trochlear nerve?
GSE- super oblique moves eye down and out
34
Where does the trigeminal nerve emerge?
pons
35
Where are the cell bodies of trigeminal nerve?
trigemina ganglion (afferent) or pons (efferent)
36
Functions of trigeminal nerve?
GSA- V1 (cornea, nasal cavity, scalp), V2 (upper lip, teeth, gums, nose), V3 (low lip, teeth, gums, anterior 2/3 tongue) SVE- V3 (mastication, mylohyoid, ant. digastric, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani)
37
Clinical implications of trigeminal nerve?
herpes zoster opthalmicus
38
Where does abducens nerve emerge from?
Pons-medula junction -> pierces dura -> through cavernous sinus
39
Where are the cell bodies of abducens nerve?
pons
40
Function of abducens
GSE- lateral rectus
41
Clinical implications of abducens nerve?
abducens palsy
42
Where does facial nerve emerge from?
pons-medulla junction
43
Where are the cell bodies of facial nerve?
SVE-pons SVA-geniculate gnaglion GVE-pons and pterygopalatine & submandibulat ganglia
44
What are the functions of the facial nerve?
GSA- ext. acoustis meatus SVA- anterior 2/3 tongue GVE- secretion of lacrimal, salivary, nasal mucous glands SVE-facial expression, stapedius, post. digastric, stylohyoid
45
Clinical implications of facial nerve?
UMN lesion- contralateral lower face weakness | LMN lesion- ipsilateral whole face weakness
46
Functions of vestibulocochlear
SSA- balance and hearing
47
Clinical implications of vestibulocochlear nerve
vestibular neuritis labyrinthitis acoustic neuroma
48
Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve emerge from?
medulla
49
Where are the cell bodies of glossopharyngeal nerve?
``` medulla (SVE, GVE) optic ganglion (GVE) inferior ganglion (GSA, SVA) superior ganglion (GVA) ```
50
Functions of glossopharyngeal nerve
``` SVA- 1/3 tongue GSA-tonsils, post. 1/3 tongue, middle ear, GVA- carotid body and sinus GVE-salivary gland SVE- stylopharyngeus ```
51
Where does the vagus nerve emerge from?
medulla
52
Where are the cell bodies of vagus nerve?
``` medulla (SVE, GVE), in viscera (GVE), superior ganglion (GSA, GVA), inferior ganglion (SVA) ```
53
Functions of vagus nerve?
SVE: pharynx, larynx, palate, upper oseophag GVE: cardiac and smooth mm. GSA: auricle, external auditory meatus, post. dura mata GVA: base tongue, pharynx, larynx, airways, heart, GIT SVA: taste epiglottis and palate
54
Clinical implications of vagus nerve?
poke back of throat and the uvula will lean away from week side
55
Where are the cell bodies of the accessory CN?
medulla and spinal cord
56
What is the function of the accessory nerve?
muscles of pharynx, larynx trapezius SCM
57
Clinical implications of accessory CN?
Easily injured in surgeries | -can't shrug or turn head
58
Where does the hypoglossal CN emerge from?
medulla
59
Where are the cell bodies of the hypoglossal CN?
medulla
60
What is the function of hypoglossal CN?
intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
61
Clinical implications of the hypoglossal CN?
Push out tongue, it will lean towards week side
62
Which CNs pierce the cavernous sinus?
the ones that go to the orbit
63
Abducens palsy
eye being pulled medially because lateral muscle is week because of innervation problem with CN VI
64
What are the five motor branches of the facial CN?
``` temporal zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cervical ```
65
What is the consequence of an UMN lesion of facial CN? why?
contralateral lower face weakness | -because lower face only innervate by contralateral brain
66
What is the consequence of a LMN lesion of facial CN?
ipsilateral whole face weakness
67
What is vestibular neuritis?
- affects vestibulocochlear CN | - causes sudden, severe vertigo
68
What is labyrinthitis?
- similar to vestibular neuritis | - but with addition of hearing symptoms (sensory type hearing loss or tinnitus
69
What is acoustic neuroma?
benign tumor in vestibulocochlear CN | -causes hearing and balance issues
70
List the different cranial nerve fibres
- SVE - GSE - GVE - SSA - SVA - GSA - GVA
71
SVE
``` • special visceral efferent • brachiomeric arches: o trigeminal o facial o glossopharyngeal o vagus & cranial root accessory ```
72
GSE
``` • general somatic efferents • voluntary motor EXCEPT for brachiometric o oculomotor o troclear o abducens o accessory o hypoglossal ```
73
GVE
• general visceral efferents • parasympathetic (cranial part) o oculomotor (ciliary ganglion does pupil constriction) o facial (gland (not parotid) o glossopharyngeal (otic ganglion -parotid gland) o vagus (heart, resp., GIT smooth muscle)
74
SSA
• special somatic afferent • vision and hearing o optic o vestibulocochlear
75
SVA
``` • special visceral afferent • smell and taste o olfactory o facial (ant. 2/3) o vagus (epiglotus and palate) o glossopharyngeal (post 1/3) ```
76
GSA
``` • general somatic afferent • general sensation o trigeminal o facial (external acoustic meatus) o glossopharyngeal (post 1/3 tongue, tonsils) o vagus (oropharynx) ```
77
GVA
• general visceral afferents • baroreceptors and chemoreceptors o glossopharyngeal (carotid body and sinus) o vagus

Neuroanatomy (9 decks)

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