Cranial nerves

Question 1

what is the name of CN XI?

Answer 1

accessory nerve

Question 2

what is the name of CN VIII?

Answer 2

vestibulococlear

Question 3

what is the name of CN XII?

Answer 3

hypoglossal

Question 4

what is the name of CN IX?

Answer 4

glossopharyngeal

Question 5

which cranial nerves supply only sensory fibres?

Answer 5

olfactory
optic
vestibulococlear

Question 6

which cranial nerves ONLY provide motor fibres?

Answer 6

occulomotor 
trochlear 
abduccent 
accessory 
hypoglossal

Question 7

which cranial nerve provide BOTH sensory and motor fibres?

Answer 7

trigeminal
facial
glossopharyngeal
vagus

Question 8

where does the olfactory nerve exit the cranium?

Answer 8

through the foraminifera in the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Question 9

what is the clinical significance of the olfactory nerve exiting through the cirbiform plate?

Answer 9

the cirbiform plate is a delicate bone

rapture to this bone could tear the olfactory nerve fibres causing anosmia - loss of smell

Question 10

which foramen does the optic nerve exit the cranium?

Answer 10

optic canal

Question 11

what causes papiloedema?

Answer 11

increase in CSF pressure

Question 12

where does the occulomotor nerve emerge and exit from?

Answer 12

emerges from the mid brain

exits through the superior orbital fissure

Question 13

what are the components of the occulomotor nerve?

Answer 13

somatic motor- extra ocular muscles & eyelid LPS
visceral motor - parasympathetic supply to the pupil causing constriction and to ciliates muscle causing accommodation of the lens

Question 14

what is the clinical term for drooping of the eyelid and what does this indicate?

Answer 14

ptosis
indicates there is loss of innervation to the levator palpebrae superioris by the occulomtor nerve
–> damage to the nerve

Question 15

what position of the eyes indicates there is occulomotor nerve palsy?

Answer 15

the eyes are abducted and looking down

the muscles for abduction (lateral rectus - CN IV) and depression (superior orbital CN VI) aren’t affected

Question 16

in occulomotor nerve palsy, will there be pupillary reflex?

Answer 16

no
the only time there will be is if the palsy is due to diabetes as this doesn’t cause damage to the parasympathetic fibres

Question 17

where does the trochlear nerve emerge and exit from?

Answer 17

emerges from the dorsal surface of midbrain

exits through superior orbital fissure

Question 18

what does the trochlear nerve innervate and what action does this have?

Answer 18

superior oblique

depression of the eye

Question 19

where does the abducent nerve emerge and exit from?

Answer 19

emerges between pons and medulla and exits via the superior orbital fissure

Question 20

what does the abducent nerve innervate?

Answer 20

lateral rectus which causes abduction of the eye

Question 21

where does the trigeminal V1 branch emerge and exit from?

Answer 21

emerged from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the superior orbital fissure

Question 22

the opthalmic branch of trigeminal carries what type of fibres from where?

Answer 22

general sensory fibres from the cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, node and mucosa of nasal cavity and sinuses

Question 23

where does the maxillary branch of trigeminal emerge and exit from?

Answer 23

emerges from the pons

exits through the formate rotundum

Question 24

what does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal provide sensation to?

Answer 24

face over the maxilla 
maxillary teeth 
temeromandibular joint 
mucosa of nose 
maxillary sinuses 
palate

Question 25

where does V3 emerge and exit from?

Answer 25

emerges from the pons and exits through foramen ovale

Question 26

what type fo fibres does mandibular branch of trigeminal carry and where?

Answer 26

general sensory to face over the mandible, mandibular teeth, temperomandibular joint, mucosa of mouth and anterior 2/3rds of tongue somatic motor to muscles of mastication, part of digastric, tensor veil palate and tensor tympani

Question 27

paralysis of mandibular branch of trigeminal can cause paralysis of reflexes which are?

Answer 27

sneezing reflex | corneal reflex

Question 28

where does the facial nerve emerge and exit from?

Answer 28

emerges between pons and medulla, exits via internal acoustic meatus, travels through facial canal and exits through stylomastoid foramen

Question 29

where does facial nerve carry sensory fibres to?

Answer 29

special sensory - taste anterior 2/3rds of tongue & soft palate general sensory from external acoustic meatus

Question 30

where does the facial nerve carry motor nerves to?

Answer 30

somatic motor - muscles of facial expression and scalp, stapedius of middle ear visceral motor - submandibular and sublingual glands, lacrimal glands, glands of nose and palate

Question 31

palsy of the facial nerve is also called what?

Answer 31

bells palsy

Question 32

where does the vestibulococclear nerve emerge and exit through?

Answer 32

emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus and splits into vestibular and cochlear nerves

Question 33

where does the glossopharyngeal emerge and exit from?

Answer 33

emerges from the medulla | exits from the jugular foramen

Question 34

where does the glossopharyngeal supply sensory fibres to?

Answer 34

special sensory - taste to posterior 1/3rd of tongue general sensory - cutaneous sensations form middle ear and posterior oral cavity visceral sensory - innervation of parotid gland

Question 35

where does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply motor nerves?

Answer 35

stylopharyngeus (swallowing)

Question 36

what can paralysis of the glossopharyngeal nerve result in?

Answer 36

loss of gag reflex and taste from back of tongue

Question 37

what nerves exit from the jugular foramen?

Answer 37

glossopharyngeal vagus accessory

Question 38

damage to the pharyngeal and laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve causes what effect?

Answer 38

pharyngeal branches = difficulty swallowing | laryngeal branches = difficulty talking

Question 39

what fibres does the accessory nerve carry and where?

Answer 39

``` somatic motor to striated muscle of soft palate pharynx larynx sternocleidomastoid & trapezius ```

Question 40

what can paralysis in the accessory nerve cause?

Answer 40

weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulders

Question 41

where does the hypoglossal nerve emerge and exit from?

Answer 41

the medulla and exits through the hypoglossal canal

Question 42

what fibres does the hypoglossal nerve carry and to where?

Answer 42

somatic motor to muscles of the tongue

Question 43

what nerve is responsible for movement of the tongue?

Answer 43

hypoglossal

Question 44

what nerves are responsible for taste of the tongue?

Answer 44

glossopharyngeal posterior and facial anterior (via chord tympani)

Question 45

what nerves are responsible for swallowing?

Answer 45

glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal

Question 46

what nerves are responsible for sensation and movement o the face?

Answer 46

sensation - trigeminal | movement - facial

Question 47

what nerves emerge from the midbrain?

Answer 47

occulomotor and trochlear

Question 48

what nerve emerge from the pons?

Answer 48

trigeminal nerve

Question 49

what nerve emerge from the medulla?

Answer 49

glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory & hypoglossal

Question 50

what nerves don't emerge from the brainstem?

Answer 50

optic and olfactory nerves

Question 51

what nerve emerge from between the pons and medulla?

Answer 51

facial, abducens, vestibulococclear nerves