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Citow - Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Name the sensory and autoniomic ganglia with each cranial nerve.

A
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2
Q

What are the second order neurons in the olfactory pathway?

A

mitral and tufted cells in the olfactory bulb

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3
Q

Mitral cells transmit information to the _____ olfactory area while tufted cells transmit to ______ olfactory area.

A

lateral

medial and all others

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4
Q

What composes the lateral olfactory area?

A

Uncus, Entorhinal area, Limen Inusla, Amygdala

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5
Q

What composes the intermidiate olfactory area?

A

anterior peforated substance

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6
Q

What composes the medial olfactory area?

A

septal area (subcallosal region of the medial frontal lobe)

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7
Q

_______ connects all three olfactory areas?

A

Diagonal band of broca

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8
Q

What are the retinal ganglion cell types? Which have tonic or phasic responses?

A
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9
Q

CN III passes between what major vessels?

A

PCA and SCA

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10
Q

What are the divisions of the oculomotor nerve?

A

(Superior division: supply superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris muscles. It ascends lateral to the optic nerve

Inferior division: supply inferior rectus, inferior oblique, and medial rectus muscles. Parasympathetic fibers travel with the inferior division

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11
Q

The _____ cilliary nerve carries parasympathics from the ciliary ganglion.

A

short

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12
Q

The oculomotor complex is located at the level of the _______.

A

superior colliculus

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13
Q

The trochlear nucleus is located at the level of the _______.

A

inferior colliculus

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14
Q

CN IV courses between which major intracranial vessels?

A

PCA and SCA (with CN III)

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15
Q

Which cranial nerve is the only nerve to exit from the dorsum of the brainstem?

A

CN IV

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16
Q

Which cranial nerve has the longest intracranial course?

A

CN IV

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17
Q

Which is the smallest cranial nerve?

A

CN IV

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18
Q

What are the three sensory nuclei of CN V? What are their functions?

A

Mesencephalic nucleus: conveys proprioceptor information from the muscles of mastication.

Chief sensory nucleus: conveys light touch from face.

Spinal nucleus: conveys pain, temperature, and deep pressure information.

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19
Q

What are the two nerve roots of the trigeminal nerve? General function?

A

Portio major (sensory)

Portio minor (motor)

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20
Q

What are other names for the trigeminal ganglion?

A

semilunar and gasserian

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21
Q

Where is the trigeminal ganglion located?

A

in Meckel’s cave on the floor of the middle fossa

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22
Q

What are the three sensory divisions of the trigeminal nerve? Where do they exit the skull base?

A

ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3), exit the skull via superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, and foramen ovale, respectively

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23
Q

What muscles are innervated by CN V?

A

Mastication (masseter, temporalis, medial, and lateral pterygoids).

Mylohyoid.

Anterior belly of the digastric muscle (note: posterior belly = CN VII).

Tensor tympani.

Tensor veli palatini

24
Q

The CN V branches of the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani pass throug the ______ but do not synapse.

A

otic ganglion

25
Q

What are the three components of the spinal trigeminal nucleus?

A

Pars oralis, pars interpolaris, pars caudalis

26
Q

The tearing reflex is mediated by ______.

A

CN V1 to the superior salivatory nucleus

27
Q

What is the sneezing pathway?

A

CN V → nucleus ambiguus → respiratory center of the reticular formation → phrenic nerves → intercostal muscles

28
Q

Which cranial nerves enter the annulus of Zinn?

A

CN III and VI

29
Q

The paramedian pontine reticular formation connects _______.

A

horizontal and vertical gaze centers

30
Q

What is the most frequently injured cranial nerve? Why?

A

CN VI

longest intracranial course

31
Q

A lesion of the CN VI nerve causes _____ while damage to the nucleus causes ______.

A

impaired ipsilateral lateral gaze

impaired ipsilateral lateral gaze for both eyes

32
Q

What forms the facial colliculus?

A

CN VII axons wrapping around the CN VI nucleus

33
Q

What is the first muscle brance of CN VII?

A

nerve to the stapedius (arises 6 mm above the stylomastoid foramen)

34
Q

What fibers are located in the nervus intermedius?

A

GVE, GSA, and SVA

35
Q

The Greater Superficial Petrosal Nerve is a branch of ______.

A

nervus intermedius

36
Q

The GSPN exits the petrous temporal bone via the _______ and enters the _____ to join the ______ to form the ______.

A

greater petrosal foramen

vidian (pterygoid) canal

deep petrosal nerve

nerve of the pterygoid canal

37
Q

The nerve of the pterygoid canal joins the ____ nerve to innervate the ______.

A

V2

lacrimal gland and mucosa of the mouth

38
Q

The chorda tympani joins the _____ nerve to innervate ______.

A

V3

submandibular and sublingual glands

39
Q

The chorda tympani exits the skull base via the ______.

A

petrotympanic fissure

40
Q

CN VII provides sensation to what region? Through what ganglion?

A

external auditory meatus and back of the ear

geniculate ganglion

41
Q

Taste in CN VII travels through what CN? Through what ganglion? To what nucleus?

A

chorda tympani

geniculate ganglion

rostal nucelus solitarius

42
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve from proximal to distal?

A

Greater superficial petrosal nerve (just before the geniculate ganglion).

Nerve to the stapedius

Chorda tympani

Motor branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical branches (mnemonic: “Ten Zebras Bit My Clock”)

43
Q

The acoustic reflex involves _____ output to the ______ nerves.

A

superior oliverary complex

CN VII (stapedius), CN V (tensor tympani)

44
Q

A lateral lemniscus lesion causes _______.

A

contralateral deafness

45
Q

Unilateral damage to MLF rostral to CN VI causes _____ while bilateral causes ______.

A

weakness of the ipsilateral lateral rectus, contralateral nystagmus, and normal convergence

internuclear ophthalmoplegia damage, no eye adduction

46
Q

CN IX leaves the medulla between _____.

A

olive and inferior cerebellar peduncle

47
Q

CN IX sends off a ______. branch prior to exiting the skull.

A

tympanic (jacobson’s

48
Q

CN IX provides sensatio to _____

A

Back of the ear, Inner surface of the tympanic membrane, Posterior one-third of the tongue, Upper pharynx

49
Q

Jacobson’s nerve goes through the ______ ganglion, joining the ______ nerve, exiting the skull base through the ______, to synapse in the _____ ganglion, and travels with the _____ nerve to the ______ gland.

A

inferior

lesser petrosal nerve

foramen ovale

otic

auricotemporal branch (V3)

parotid

50
Q

How does glossopharyngeal neuralgia present?

A

pain behind the ear or in the mouth, often precipitated by swallowing or coughing

51
Q

The two ganglia of the vagus nerve are _____ and are located ______.

A

superior (jugular), inferior (nodose)

beneath the jugular foramen

52
Q

Arnold’s nerve is a branch of ______.

A

vagus

53
Q

Arnold’s nerve provides sensation to ______.

A

ear, external auditory meatus, and external surface of the tympanic membrane

54
Q

The vocal chords and subglottis are supplied by which nerve? What’s it a branch of?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

vagus

55
Q

The pharyngeal branch of CN X supplies ______ except for _____.

A

all the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate

stylopharengeus (IX) and tensor veli palatini (V)

56
Q

The cardiac plexus is supplied by what nerve?

A

CN X

57
Q

CN XII innervates all muscles of the tongue except ______.

A

palatoglossus (X)

Citow - Anatomy (16 decks)

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