cranial nerves

Question 1

how many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 1

12 paired nerves

arise direct from brain

Question 2

how are the cranial nerves numbered?

Answer 2

location on brain stem
- superior to inferior, then medial to lateral (first 2 are from the cerebrum the rest are specific part of brainstem or junction between 2 parts)

order of exit from cranium
- anterior to posterior

Question 3

what are the 2 modality types for cranial nerves?

Answer 3

each can be classed as sensory, motor or both

Question 4

how many types of information can cranial nerves transmit?

Answer 4

7 types

• 4 sensory
• 3 motor

Question 5

what are the 4 sensory modalities for cranial nerves?

Answer 5

General Somatic Sensory

General Visceral Sensory

Special Somatic Sensory ***

Special Visceral Sensory ***

Question 6

general somatic sensory

Answer 6

general sensation from the skin

Question 7

general visceral sensory

Answer 7

general sensation from viscera

Question 8

special somatic sensory

Answer 8

senses derived from ectoderm
e.g. sight, sound, balance

unique to CN

Question 9

special visceral sensory

Answer 9

senses derived from endoderm
e.g. taste, smell

unique to CN

Question 10

what are the 3 motor modalities of the CNS?

Answer 10

General Somatic Motor

General Visceral Motor

Special Visceral Motor ***

Question 11

general somatic motor

Answer 11

skeletal muscles

Question 12

general visceral motor

Answer 12

smooth muscles of gut and autonomic motor

Question 13

special visceral motor

Answer 13

muscles derived from pharyngeal arches

Question 14

what are the 2 cranial nerves that pass through canals?

Answer 14

CN2 Optioc
CN12 Hypoglossal

only 2 so the ones with 2 in them pass through the canals

Question 15

CN1

Answer 15

olfactory

originate from cerebrum
exits cribriform plate

special visceral sensory
- smell

Question 16

CN2

Answer 16

optic

originate from cerebrum
exits optical canal

special somatic sensory
- vision

Question 17

CN3

Answer 17

occulomotor

originate from midbrain-pontine junction
exits superior orbital fissure

General Somatic Motor
- extrinsic eye muscles and elevator palpebral superior’s

Genera; Visceral Motor
- pupillary sphincter

Question 18

CN4

Answer 18

trochlear

originate from posterior side of midbrain
exits superior orbital fissure

General Somatic Motor
- superior oblique eye muscle

*longest intracranial length

Question 19

CN5

Answer 19

trigeminal - 3 branches

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

Question 20

CNV1

Answer 20

ophthalmic division of trigeminal

originate from Pons
exits the superior orbital fissure

General Somatic Sensory
- scalp, forehead and nose

Question 21

CNV2

Answer 21

maxillary division of trigeminal

originate from Pons
exits the foramen rotunda

General Somatic Sensory
- cheeks, lower eye lid, nasal mucosa, upper lip and upper teeth and palate

Question 22

CNV3

Answer 22

mandibular division of trigeminal

originate from Pons
exits foramen ovale

General Somatic Sensory
- anterior 2/3 of tongue, skin over mandible and lower teeth

Somatic Visceral Motor
- muscles of masitcation

Question 23

CN6

Answer 23

abducens

originate from pontoon-medulla junction
exits the superior orbital fissure

General Somatic Motor
- lateral rectus eye muscle

Question 24

CN7

Answer 24

facial

originate from pontoon-medulla junction
exits the internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid fovea

General Somatic Sensory
- sensation to external ear

Special Visceral Sensory
- taste anterior 2/3 of tongue, hard and soft palate

General Somatic Motor
- muscles of facial expression

General Visceral Motor
- lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual and mucous glands of mouth and nose

Question 25

CN8

Answer 25

vestibulocochlear originate from pontoon-medulla junction exits the internal acoustic meatus Special Somatic Sensory - hearing and balance

Question 26

CN9

Answer 26

glossopharyngeal originate from medulla oblongata exits the jugular foramen General Somatic Sensory - posterior 1/3 of tongue, exterior ear and middle ear cavity General Visceral Somatic - carotid body and sinus Special Visceral Sensory - taste from posterior 1/3/ of tongue General Visceral Motor - parotid gland Special Visceral Motor - stylopharyngeus

Question 27

CN10

Answer 27

vagus originate from medulla oblongata exits the jugular foramen General Somatic Sensory - exterior ear, larynx and pharynx General Visceral Sensory - larynx, pharynx and thoracic and abdominal viscera Special Visceral Sensory - taste from epiglottis region of tongue General Visceral Motor - smooth muscles of pharynx, larynx and most of GIT Special Visceral Motor - most muscles of pharynx and larynx

Question 28

CN11

Answer 28

spinal accessory originate from medulla oblongata exits the jugular foramen General Somatic Motor - trapezius and sternocleidomastois Special Visceral Motos - few fibres run with CNX to viscera

Question 29

CN12

Answer 29

hypoglossal originate from medulla oblongata exits hypoglossal canal General Somatic Motor - intrinsic and extrinsic tongue (except palatoglossus)

Question 30

way to remember CN order

Answer 30

``` O O O To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet Ah H ```

Question 31

way to remember function type

Answer 31

``` Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brians Matter More ```