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Head and Neck Anatomy BDS1 > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

name the cranial nerves in the order of 1-12

A

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulochochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

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2
Q

what are the 3 main functional components of the cranial nerves?

A

motor to voluntary muscles, motor to involuntary muscles, sensory

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3
Q

where are the branchial motor nerve transmissions from?

A

pharyngeal arches

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4
Q

where are the somatic motor nerve transmissions from?

A

NOT the pharyngeal arches

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5
Q

name 2 involuntary muscles that the cranial nerves innervate

A

sphincter pupillae and lacrimal glands

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6
Q

where are the sensory transmissions of the cranial nerves from?

A

from viscera e.g. lungs and bronchi, general sensation, special senses

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7
Q

what is the function of the olfactory nerve?

A

smell

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8
Q

what is olfactory epithelium?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar

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9
Q

where does smell come from?

A

nasal mucosa of each nasal cavity, nasal septum and superior conchae

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10
Q

what are superior conchae?

A

folds inside the nose

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11
Q

what is anosmia?

A

the loss of the sense of smell e.g. with a cold

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12
Q

what is regenerating epithelium?

A

epithelium that can regenerate

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13
Q

what is the only nerve with regenerating epithelium?

A

olfactory nerve

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14
Q

in a clinical environment how is the olfactory nerve tested?

A

see if the patient can smell toothpaste

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15
Q

what is the function of the optic nerve?

A

vision

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16
Q

where are the nerve cell bodies of the optic nerve?

A

the retina

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17
Q

where does the optic nerve come from?

A

orbital canal (optic chasm) and the left nerve joins the right

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18
Q

what part of the eye does vision come from?

A

retina

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19
Q

what fatty tissue surrounds and supports the optic nerve?

A

myelin

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20
Q

what happens to the optic nerve during multiple sclerosis?

A

it demyelinates causing altered vision

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21
Q

how is the optic nerve tested?

A

get the patient to read

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22
Q

what does the oculomotor nerve supply?

A

the muscle outside the eyeball to move it up and down and side to side

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23
Q

what does the superior rectus do?

A

moves eye up

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24
Q

what does the medial rectus do?

A

moves eye inwards towards the nose

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25
what does the inferior oblique do?
turns eye upwards and outwards
26
what does the levator palpebrae superioris do?
holds the upper eyelid up a bit more
27
what is the nerve supply to the sphincter papillae and the ciliary muscle?
parasympathetic
28
what does the sphincter papillae do?
causes pupil to constrict to protect eye during bright lights
29
what does the ciliary muscle do?
it is responsible for accommodation and it focuses on what you're looking at
30
where does the visceral motor nerve supply of the oculomotor nerve go via?
the ciliary ganglion
31
if there is increased pressure inside the skull what happens to the oculomotor nerve?
it stretches the nerve and any damage to this nerve means a dilated pupil
32
what does the trochlear nerve supply?
one eye muscle (superior oblique)
33
where are the trochlear nerve cell bodies located?
in the midbrain
34
what does the superior oblique do?
turns the eye downwards and outwards
35
what happens if the trochlear nerve is paralysed?
the patients cant look down
36
what is dipoplia?
double/blurred vision when looking down
37
what are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?
ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), mandibular (V3)
38
what is the function of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?
general sensory from corner, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, mucosa of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
39
what area does the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve cover?
over forehead to tip of nose
40
what is the function of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
general sensory from face over maxilla, upper lip, maxillary teeth and maxillary sinuses
41
what nerve supplies the maxillary teeth?
the superior alveolar nerve from the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
42
what area does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve cover?
over front of face
43
how is the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve tested?
by touching parts randomly with the patients eyes closed
44
what is the function of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?
general sensory (NOT TASTE) of the mandible, mandibular teeth, mucosa of mouth and the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
45
what nerve supplies the mandibular teeth?
the inferior alveolar nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
46
where does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve come from?
it comes out at the front of the chin as the mental nerve
47
how do you test the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?
test the symmetry of the left and right temporalis
48
what is the nerve supply of the abducens nerve?
somatic motor
49
where does the abducens nerve come from?
the pons
50
what does the abducens nerve supply?
lateral rectus
51
what does the lateral rectus do?
moves eye outwards and away from the nose
52
what does LR6 SO4 mean?
lateral rectus supplied by 6, superior oblique supplied by 4, everything else supplied by 3
53
what nerves supply the muscles of the eye?
oculomotor, trochlear and abducens
54
how is the abducens nerve tested?
by following a finger in an H shaped pattern
55
what are the 3 functions of the facial nerve?
branchial motor, special sensory, visceral motor
56
clinically, what is the most important function of the facial nerve?
branchial motor
57
what does the branchial motor supply of the facial nerve supply?
muscles of facial expression, scalp and stapedius
58
what is hyperacusis?
when sounds are louder on one side than the other
59
what is the special sensory supply of the facial nerve to?
taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue and palate
60
what is the visceral motor supply of the facial nerve?
parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual, also supplies salivary glands, lacrimal gland and glands of nose and palate
61
what facial structure does the facial nerve pass through?
the parotid gland but it does not supply it
62
what is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
hearing
63
what is an internal acoustic neuroma?
benign conditions, tumour growing on CN VIII, risks such as hearing and balance affected on that side if the nerve is taken out, tumours grow 1-5mm per year so presentation of the tumour can be late on
64
how do we test the vestibulocochlear nerve?
it requires advanced testing
65
what are all the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
somatic motor, visceral motor, visceral sensory, somatic sensory, special sensory
66
what is the somatic motor supply of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
motor to stylopharyngeus - helps to raise the pharynx
67
what is the visceral motor supply of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
parasympathetic to parotid gland to secrete sliva
68
what nerve supplies the parotid gland?
glossopharyngeal
69
what is the visceral sensory supply of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
parotid gland, pharynx and middle ear
70
what is the special sensory supply of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
taste to posterior third of the tongue
71
what is the somatic sensory supply of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
external ear
72
what is the overall function of the vagus nerve?
rest and digest - raise gut motility and heart rate
73
what nerve controls swallowing?
vagus
74
what are the functions of the vagus nerve?
somatic motor, visceral motor, visceral sensory, special sensory and general sensory
75
what is the somatic motor supply of the vagus nerve to?
muscles of the pharynx, larynx, palate and upper third of the oesophagus
76
what is the visceral motor supply of the vagus nerve to?
parasympathetic to trachea, bronchi, GI tract and heart
77
what is the visceral sensory supply of the vagus nerve to?
tongue, larynx, respiratory tract, heart, upper GI tract to left colic flexure
78
what is the special sensory supply of the vagus nerve to?
epiglottis and palate (taste fibres)
79
what is the general sensory supply of the vagus nerve to?
auricle, external auditory meatus
80
how can the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve be tested?
by saying ahhhh
81
what is the nerve supply of the accessory nerve?
somatic motor
82
what does the accessory nerve supply?
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
83
how is the accessory nerve tested?
by raising shoulders and stopping the examiner pushing downwards
84
what is the nerve supply of the hypoglossal nerve?
somatic motor
85
what does the hypoglossal nerve supply?
the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except palatoglossus)
86
how is the hypoglossal nerve tested?
by sticking the tongue out

Head and Neck Anatomy BDS1 (5 decks)

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